Molecular Analysis of Oral Bacteria in Heart Valve of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract

Structural deficiencies and functional abnormalities of heart valves represent an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a number of diseases, such as aortic stenosis, have been recently associated with infectious agents. This study aimed to analyze oral bacteria in dental plaque, saliva, and cardiac valves of patients with cardiovascular disease. Samples of supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, saliva, and cardiac valve tissue were collected from 42 patients with heart valve disease. Molecular analysis of Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola was performed through real-time PCR. The micro-organism most frequently detected in heart valve samples was the S. mutans (89.3%), followed by P. intermedia (19.1%), P. gingivalis (4.2%), and T. denticola (2.1%). The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was 26.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD), and according to the highest score of periodontal disease observed for each patient, periodontal pockets > 4 mm and dental calculus were detected in 43.4% and 34.7% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, oral bacteria, especially S. mutans, were found in the cardiac valve samples of patients with a high rate of caries and gingivitis/periodontitis.

Relationship of Streptococcus mutans with valvar cardiac tissue: A molecular and immunohistochemical study

“…Dental plaque samples were obtained from the buccal and mesial surfaces of all teeth present using curettes and sterile absorbent paper cones. The samples were stored in a sterile vessel containing phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at −20°C for the molecular analysis …”

“…Aortic valve leaflets from five corpses submitted to autopsy were obtained aseptically up to 10 hours after death in the Forensic Expertise of the State of Ceará (PEFOCE). One part of the tissue sample was stored in a sterile Eppendorf tube containing PBS at −20°C for real‐time PCR analysis, and the other portion was maintained in 10% buffered formalin for the histological evaluations (hematoxylin and eosin‐HE staining), histochemistry (Giemsa staining), and immunohistochemistry (streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase).…”

“…The extracted DNA samples were submitted for real‐time PCR to evaluate the presence (+) or absence (−) of S mutans bacterial DNA . The primers and probes were commercially produced based on the 16S region of the bacterial ribosomal DNA (Life Technologies ® ).…”

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: potential novel treatment strategies

“…Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have all been detected on cardiac valve samples [5,6]. Antibodies to oral gram-negative (gm−) bacteria have been detected in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it has been found that patients with RA are more likely to develop periodontitis despite age and smoking history; even further, patients with periodontal infections are less responsive to RA treatments [4].…”

Oral Surgery in the Human Microbiota Era the role of Periodontal Bacteria

“…The incidence of bacteremia and related systemic diseases due to oral anaerobic bacteria following different procedures such as: endodontic treatment, tooth extraction, periodontal surgery, tongue scraping and root scaling has been well documented [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and anaerobe periodontal bacteria are isolated more frequently than facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Streptococcus spp. [28].…”