Molecular analysis of group A rotaviruses detected in hospitalized children from Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014

Umair, Massab; Abbasi, Bilal Haider; Nisar, Nadia; Alam, Muhammad Masroor; Sharif, Salman; Shaukat, Shahzad; Rana, Muhammad Suleman; Khurshid, Adnan; Mujtaba, Ghulam; Aamir, Uzma Bashir; Zaidi, Syed Sohail Zahoor

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.009

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Lineage III strains, on the other hand, are the mostly contemporary G12 strains detected since the mid-2000's and which are now globally prevalent in most continents. This analysis con rms that the genotype G12 strains circulating in these six sub-Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia) clustered in lineage III with strains circulating all over the world, showing the dominance and biological competitiveness of these strains, which have persisted over the last two decades, in most continents [47][48][49]. Evidence of genetic variation was observed amongst the four G12 lineages in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Rakau¹,

Nyaga²,

Gededzha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia.Methods: The investigation was carried out by comparing VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and mapping the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains.Results: The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 genes of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid level, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, although there was a unique clustering of the Ethiopian strains. The study strains shared a common ancestry with G12 strains circulating globally. Neutralization epitope mapping revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acids similar to those reported globally including the vaccines RotaTeq® P[8] and Rotarix®.Conclusions: It is unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Furthermore, it is too early post vaccine introduction to indicate any effect of vaccine-induced pressure on maintaining the stability of these strains in circulation. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Rakau¹,

Nyaga²,

Gededzha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Interestingly, G12P [8], a recently emerging serotype previously detected in Europe, Asia, and the Americas, has also been reported in some studies in Saudi Arabia. Unusual genotypes such as G1P [6], G2P [6], G3P [9], G4P [6], G9P [6] and G9P [8] have been detected in different countries, 118,132,148,157 including the recent emergence of genotype G12P [6] in Pakistan 115 and of genotype G12P [8] in Iran. 60 Data of genotyping diversity from the WHO-EMRO region confirm that these findings are not specific to a particular geographic location but a natural phenomenon worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76 On the other hand, the proportion of RVGE cases appears to have increased over time in Pakistan; as the RVGE rates were ranging from 8.2% to 29% in the earlier years (1985-1996), 105,107,116 while in the more recent years (2007-2014) the reported rates were ranging from 23.8 to 65.9. [110][111][112][113][114][115]118,119 This can be due to the difference of sensibility of EIA used during these two different periods, or to the choice and characteristics of patients investigated.…”

Section: Changes In the Detection Of Rvge Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…165,166 In Pakistan, the distribution of genotype combinations was heterogeneous [110][111][112]117,118 and G12P [6] was found to be one of the most prevalent RV genotype in 2014. 115 The introduction of RV vaccines had a substantial effect on G1P [8] detection. In Saudi Arabia, a decrease was noted in G1P [8] detection from 51% to 37.1% after the vaccine was introduced, but G2P [4] increased from 21.6% to 33.3%.…”

Section: Rv Genotype and Evolution Of Genotypes Post-vaccine Introducmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Badur¹,

Öztürk²,

Pereira³

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rotavirus gastroenteritis imposes a heavy burden on low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization defines the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO-EMRO) as a diverse area in terms of socioeconomic status and health indicators. Rotavirus vaccination has been introduced, at least partially, in 19 out of the 22 EM countries; however, vaccine coverage remains low, and data on rotavirus disease burden is scarce.Available data on rotavirus prevalence, seasonality, vaccination status, and genotype evolution was systematically compiled following a literature review that identified 165 relevant WHO-EMRO epidemiology studies published between 1990 and 2017.Although the infectious agents responsible for acute gastroenteritis vary over time, rotavirus remained the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, as seen in 76.3% of reviewed publications. Younger children (<2 years old) were at higher risk and thus increased vaccination coverage and surveillance systems are required to reduce the rotavirus gastroenteritis burden in WHO-EMRO countries.

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“…In previous studies, G1P [8], G2P [4], and G9P [8] have been reported as most dominant genotypes in Pakistan. 38,39 The genotype combinations G9P [6] and G12P [6] are mostly known to circulate in south Asia, 40 while G2P [6] and G8P [6] mostly found in Sub-Saharan Africa. 41…”

Section: Most Common G and P Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus: Genetics, pathogenesis and vaccine advances

Sadiq

Bostan

Yinda

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Since its discovery 40 years ago, rotavirus (RV) is considered to be a major cause of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. Nearly every child in the world under 5 years of age is at the risk of RV infection. It is estimated that 90% of RV-associated mortalities occur in developing countries of Africa and Asia. Two live oral vaccines, RotaTeq (RV5, Merck) and Rotarix (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline) have been successfully deployed to scale down the disease burden in Europe and America, but they are less effective in Africa and Asia. In April 2009, the World Health Organization recommended the inclusion of RV vaccination in national immunization programs of all countries with great emphasis in developing countries. To date, 86 countries have included RV vaccines into their national immunization programs including 41 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization eligible countries. The predominant RV genotypes circulating all over the world are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8], while G12[P6] and G12[P8] are emerging genotypes. On account of the segmented genome, RV shows an enormous genetic diversity that leads to the evolution of new genotypes that can influence the efficacy of current vaccines. The current need is for a global RV surveillance program to monitor the prevalence and antigenic variability of new genotypes to formulate future vaccine development planning. In this review, we will summarize the previous and recent insights into RV structure, classification, and epidemiology and current status of RV vaccination around the globe and will also cover the status of RV research and vaccine policy in Pakistan.

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Molecular analysis of group A rotaviruses detected in hospitalized children from Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Rotavirus: Genetics, pathogenesis and vaccine advances

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