Molecular analysis of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes from treated wastewater routinely used for irrigation of vegetable farmlands in Iran

Javanmard, Ehsan; Rahimi, Hanieh Mohammad; Niyyati, Maryam; Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh; Sharifdini, Meysam; Mirjalali, Hamed; Zali, Mohammad Reza; Karanis, Panagiotis

doi:10.2166/wh.2019.045

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The MinION sequencer, due to its small size and low equipment cost, is attracting considerable interest in the genomics community. However, in its early iterations the platform suffered from high error rates that resulted in individual raw read Table 3 Comparison of full-length Blastocystis SSU rRNA gene sequences generated in this study by MinION sequencing to Illumina MiSeq sequences from the same sample and closest full-length match available on GenBank a Illumina MiSeq sequence corresponds to the approximately 480 bp region of the SSU rRNA gene amplified using the primers reported in [11] using methods reported in [12] Specimen ID Blastocystis subtype Length of sequence generated by MinION in this study (GenBank accession number) accuracies ranging from 65 to 88% and a limited output ranging from 0.1 to 2 Gb of raw sequence data [19,[40][41][42][43]. Since its inception, these MinION shortcomings have fueled significant efforts to improve the nanopore instrumentation, pore chemistry, and software used for basecalling and post-assembly/consensus polishing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Oxford Nanopore MinION to generate full-length sequences of the Blastocystis small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene

2020

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Background Blastocystis sp. is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals worldwide. It is well recognized that this ubiquitous protist displays a remarkable degree of genetic diversity in the SSU rRNA gene, which is currently the main gene used for defining Blastocystis subtypes. Yet, full-length reference sequences of this gene are available for only 16 subtypes of Blastocystis in part because of the technical difficulties associated with obtaining these sequences from complex samples. Methods We have developed a method using Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing and universal eukaryotic primers to produce full-length (> 1800 bp) SSU rRNA gene sequences for Blastocystis. Seven Blastocystis specimens representing five subtypes (ST1, ST4, ST10, ST11, and ST14) obtained both from cultures and feces were used for validation. Results We demonstrate that this method can be used to produce highly accurate full-length sequences from both cultured and fecal DNA isolates. Full-length sequences were successfully obtained from all five subtypes including ST11 for which no full-length reference sequence currently exists and for an isolate that contained mixed ST10/ST14. Conclusions The suitability of the use of MinION long-read sequencing technology to successfully generate full-length Blastocystis SSU rRNA gene sequences was demonstrated. The ability to produce full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences is key in understanding the role of genetic diversity in important aspects of Blastocystis biology such as transmission, host specificity, and pathogenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blastocystis transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route. Infections can be acquired through direct or indirect transmission (waterborne and foodborne) [9][10][11]. Yet many aspects related to the transmission and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Oxford Nanopore MinION to generate full-length sequences of the Blastocystis small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene

2020

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“…from cattle using STS primers that after converting based on consensus terminology, ST2 (64.7%), ST3 (23.52%), and ST5 (11.76%) were the characterized subtypes. Javanmard et al (2019) investigated the occurrence of subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in wastewater samples and they were characterized as ST2, ST6 and ST8 among the samples.…”

Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution ofBlastocystissp. in Asia and in Australia

Nemati

Zali

Johnson

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Health

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Blastocystis is a prevalent protozoan parasite reported in human, animal and environmental samples. Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. alongside with its genetic and biochemical features. However, studies on subtype distribution of this protozoan in humans, animals, and environmental samples represent the potential transmission routes. In this review, we evaluated studies performed in Asian countries and in Australia to provide an overview of environmental factors on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. among humans, animals, and the environment.

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“…However, B. hominis is one of the most common parasites routinely found in the human stool samples although its pathogenicity is still highly controversial [40]. There are many potential sources for human infections such as water resources, pets, and vegetables [41,42]. Its high prevalence is probably related to poor hygiene, and consumption of contaminated E p u b a h e a d o f p r i n t food and drinking water.…”

Section: E P U B a H E A D O F P R I N Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs in northern Iran: a closer look at risk factors

et al. 2021

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Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites among the patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs in northern Iran; a closer look into risk factors ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites among the patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs and related risk factors in northern Iran. METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 494 patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs including cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (n=188) and those treated with prolonged corticosteroid administration (n=306). All fresh fecal samples were examined by direct wet-mount, formalin ethyl-acetate concentration, and agar plate culture techniques. RESULTS:In total, 16.8% of patients were positive for at least one intestinal parasite, so among those the helminthic and protozoan infection rates were 5.1% and 12.3%, respectively. The infection rate was significantly higher in corticosteroid treated individuals (19.6%) than cancer patients (12.2%) (P = 0.03). The prevalence rate of S. stercoralis among the patients receiving chemotherapy and those treated with corticosteroids were 4.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence rate of S. stercoralis infection was significantly higher in older patients (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Strongyloidiasis is one of most common parasites among the patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs in northern Iran. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of these patients are necessary to minimize complications of severe strongyloidiasis.

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Molecular analysis of Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes from treated wastewater routinely used for irrigation of vegetable farmlands in Iran

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Use of Oxford Nanopore MinION to generate full-length sequences of the Blastocystis small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene

Use of Oxford Nanopore MinION to generate full-length sequences of the Blastocystis small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene

Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution ofBlastocystissp. in Asia and in Australia

Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs in northern Iran: a closer look at risk factors

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