Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Fish Farms in Egypt

Abstract

ABSTRACT. As little is known about antimicrobial resistance genes in fish farms, this study was conducted to monitor the incidence and prevalence of a wide range of antimicrobial resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from water samples taken from fish farms in the northern part of Egypt. Ninety-one out of two hundred seventy-four (33.2%) non-repetitive isolates of Gram-negative bacteria showed multidrug resistance phenotypes and harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. PCR and DNA sequencing results showed that 72 (26.3%) isolates contain tetracycline resistance genes and 19 (6.9%) isolates were positive for class 1 integrons with 12 different gene cassettes. The -lactamase-encoding genes were identified in 14 (5.1%) isolates. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr, were identified in 16 (5.8%) and 3 (1.1%) isolates, respectively. Finally, the florphenicol resistance gene, floR, was identified in four (1.5%) isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from fish farms in Africa.

Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity ofEscherichia coliisolates from traditional and integrated aquaculture in South China

“…[8,41,42] The present study showed prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in the E. coli isolates from two aquaculture systems (including fish and shrimp ponds), which is similar to the findings from other countries. [43][44][45][46] More diverse resistance genes were detected in the isolates from the swine-fish integrated pond (W5; Table 4). Ten tet genes were detected in the resistant E. coli isolates from the water sample of W5, in which the most frequent ones were tetA (90.5%), tetB (44.6%), tetD (31.1%), tetQ (43.2%) and tetW (32.4%).…”

Coastal Seawater Bacteria Harbor a Large Reservoir of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Jiaozhou Bay, China

“…The PMQR determinants have been identified in a number of clinically important pathogens and environmental bacteria in different geographic regions of the world [9,32,41,49,53]. Studies of PMQR determinants as a new type of biological contaminants in aquatic environment, especially in coastal areas that receive high anthropogenic activities, are very limited and need more efforts.…”

“…Beyond clinical settings, quinolone-resistant bacteria with elevated abundance were identified from several mariculture ponds in China [17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, the qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes were detected in bacterial isolates from fish farms in Egypt [32]. The qnrS genes were also detected in Aeromonas spp.…”

Contamination profiles of antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments at a catchment scale

“…According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, over two million Americans are infected with resistant pathogens each year, and 14 thousand people die consequently (WHO, 2000). As emerging environmental contaminants, ARGs have been broadly detected in diverse environmental compartments, such as hospital wastewater (Durham et al, 2010;Sidjabat et al, 2006;Vinue et al, 2010), waste water treatment plants (Caplin et al, 2008;LaPara et al, 2011;Zhang and Zhang, 2011), chicken farms (Xia et al, 2010), beef farms (Hoyle et al, 2006), pig farms (Xia et al, 2010), dairy farms (Srinivasan et al, 2005), aquaculture farms (Ishida et al, 2010;Tamminen et al, 2011), surface water and sediment Storteboom et al, 2010aStorteboom et al, , 2010bYang and Carlson, 2003), drinking water treatment and distribution systems (Faria et al, 2009;Xi et al, 2009), and even foodproducing animals (Deckert et al, 2010;Hughes et al, 2010;Schweitzer et al, 2011). ARGs may be transferred from human and animal sources to different environmental compartments at a regional scale, thus threatening human health; therefore, there is a need to understand their contamination profiles at the regional scale and their relationships to land uses and human activities.…”