Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Wound Healing: An In Vitro Evidence-Based Review

Abstract

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an essential molecule isolated from the phenolic fraction of olive (Olea europaea). HT has been implicated for its health-stimulating effect mainly due to its antioxidative capacity. The current review summarises and discusses the available evidence, related to HT activities in wound healing enhancement. The literature search of related articles published within the year 2010 to 2020 was conducted using Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies were limited to in vitro research regarding the role of HT in wound closure, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antioxidative, and its direct effect to the cells involved in wound healing. The literature search revealed 7136 potentially relevant records were obtained from the database search. Through the screening process, 13 relevant in vitro studies investigating the role of HT in wound repair were included. The included studies reported a proangiogenic, antioxidative, antiaging, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of HT. The current in vitro evidence-based review highlights the cellular and molecular action of HT in influencing positive outcomes toward wound healing. Based on this evidence, HT is a highly recommended bioactive compound to be used as a pharmaceutical product for wound care applications.

Keratinocytes Migration Promotion, Proliferation Induction, and Free Radical Injury Prevention by 3-Hydroxytirosol

“…We assessed HT activity in wound healing phases that are not well-defined. The wound is a pathological condition with the destruction of the physiological microstructure and a loss of tissue function by a chemical, thermal, or physical injury [ 49 , 50 ]. The wound healing process is mediated by the activation of local and systemic cells that cooperate to restore skin integrity [ 51 ].…”

“…Indeed, excessive levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β are implicated in a wound healing delay [ 54 ]. In this first phase, HT acts as a powerful anti-inflammatory molecule that relieves the inflammatory state favoring the wound healing progression [ 50 ].…”

“…Therefore, the regulation of skin ROS is essential for the maintenance of healthy skin homeostasis [ 60 ], but also for allowing a suitable wound healing [ 50 ]. We demonstrate the role of HT on the protection of cells by H 2 O 2 -induced DNA-damage and subsequent cell death.…”

“…A rebalancing of the oxidative state is undoubtedly useful in reducing the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides nutrition for the microbes [ 61 ]. This scavenger activity of HT is added to the molecule’s ability to inhibit bacterial growth, as described in recent studies [ 50 , 62 ].…”

Topical Collection “Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants”

“…HT is an essential molecule isolated from Olea europea , known for its antioxidative capacity. This review highlights the positive influence towards wound healing by the actions mediated by HT, becoming a bioactive compound highly recommended for wound care applications [ 7 ]. Kim et al demonstrated that soybean embryo extract (SEE), which is a bioactive phytoestrogen, exerts anti-obesity effects through the activation of adipose tissue metabolism and exhibits a synergistic effect upon co-treatment with enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) [ 8 ].The study of Piatczak et al examined the phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extracts of Salix alba (L.) leaves and bark, as well as their antioxidant activity and cytotoxic potential.…”