Molar‐incisor hypomineralization in a cohort of individuals born with cleft lip and palate

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the frequency of molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in individuals born with cleft lip and or cleft palate.Settings and SampleThree hundred eighty‐six individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate before orthodontic treatment.MethodsAll the individuals were submitted to a clinical examination and intraoral standardized photos. The registration of MIH was taken by two orthodontists and analysed in association with the cleft type and laterality. The Kruskal–Wallis test and the regression test were used to compare the frequency of molars and incisors affected according to cleft type and laterality, sex and age.ResultsWe found a frequency of 67.87% of MIH in the studied sample. The frequency varied from 25% (in individuals born with cleft palate) to 77% in individuals born with bilateral cleft lip and palate). The number of affected molars was statistically different depending on cleft type and laterality (P < .001‐ Kruskal–Wallis test). Differences were found between individuals born with unilateral cleft lip and palate and unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (P = .03), and with isolated cleft palate (P = .03), and between individuals born with bilateral cleft lip and palate and born with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (P = .01), and cleft palate (P = .01). Sex (P = .21) and age (P = .36) had no influence on the frequency of MIH. A positive correlation was found between the number of molars affected and incisors affected (P < .001).ConclusionIndividuals born with cleft lip and palate have a higher frequency of MIH, and the complexity of cleft type was associated with the number of affected molars.

The Impact of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation on Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review

“…The aetiology of MIH is not fully elucidated; however, it is purported to be multifactorial, involving systemic and environmental exposures during prenatal and perinatal periods, early childhood illnesses and genetic and epigenetic factors [3]. A higher prevalence of MIH has been reported in children with systemic diseases, including common conditions, such as fever [4], and congenital defects, such as cleft lip and palate [5]. The most frequent presentation of MIH is enamel opacities, and the severity of lesions is positively correlated with an increased number of affected teeth [6].…”