Mokola Virus in Domestic Mammals, South Africa

Sabeta, Claude; Markotter, Wanda; Mohale, Debrah; Shumba, Wonderful; Wandeler, Alexander I.; Nel, Louis Hendrik

doi:10.3201/eid1309.070466

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Samples were selected based on previous phylogenetic studies to be representative of different phylogenetic groups within each genotype (Nel et al 2005;Sabeta et al 2007;Cohen, Sartorius, Sabeta, Zulu, Paweska, Mogoswane, Sutton, Nel, Swanepoel, Leman, Grobbelaar, Dayson & Blumberg 2007;Markotter, Kuzmin, Rupprecht & Nel 2008).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material

Markotter¹,

York²,

Sabeta³

et al. 2009

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica;">Rapid immunodiagnostic test kit was evaluated against a selection of isolates of lyssavirus genotypes occurring in Africa. The test was carried out in parallel comparison with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and isolates representing previously established phylogenetic groups from each genotype were included. The specificity of the rapid immunodiagnostic test compared favourably with the FAT and was found to detect all representatives of genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in brain samples of either field cases or suckling mouse brain inoculates.</span>

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Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material

Markotter¹,

York²,

Sabeta³

et al. 2009

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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“…Although indications are that some LBV isolates or variants are highly pathogenic in mouse models compared to invasive RABV strains, no confirmed human cases have been linked to infection with the virus as of yet . Among the lyssaviruses the epidemiology of MOKV is particularly obscure and the virus has been infrequently isolated from several animal species, including domestic dogs, cats and shrews in the past 30 years (Sabeta et al, 2007b). On various occasions, cases of fatal MOKV infections in dogs and cats occurred in animals with rabies vaccination histories (Nel et al, 2000) however MOKV has not been associated with definitive human rabies cases .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of human rabies in South Africa, 1983–2007

et al. 2011

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“…The RNA pellet was solubilised in 50 μl of RNase-free water, quantified spectrophotometrically and stored at −70°C until required for RT-PCR. Approximately 1 μg of the total viral RNA was included in a reaction mixture that consisted of Lys001 (+) (20 pmoles), 200 units of Murine Moloney Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (M-MLV, USB ™ ), 20 units of RNasin® ribonuclease inhibitor (Promega), 20 mM of dNTP mixture, 0.2M DTT and 5X M-MLV reaction buffers as described previously (Sabeta et al, 2007). The cDNA synthesis mixture was inactivated at 70°C for 10 minutes, diluted two-fold with sterile nuclease free water and stored at −20°C until further use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black-Backed Jackal Exposure to Rabies Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, and Bacillus Anthracis in Etosha National Park, Namibia

Bellan¹,

Cizauskas²,

Miyen³

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) occur worldwide in wild carnivore and domestic dog populations and pose threats to wildlife conservation and public health. In Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia, anthrax is endemic and generates carcasses frequently fed on by an unusually dense population of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas). Using serology and phylogenetic analyses (on samples obtained from February, 2009 to July, 2010), and historical mortality records (1975–2011), we assessed jackal exposure to Bacillus anthracis (BA; the causal bacterial agent of anthrax), CDV, and RABV. Seroprevalence to all three pathogens was relatively high with 95% (n = 86), 73% (n = 86), and 9% (n = 81) of jackals exhibiting antibodies to BA, CDV, and RABV, respectively. Exposure to BA, as assessed with an anti-Protective Antigen ELISA test, increased significantly with age and all animals >1 yr old tested positive. Seroprevalence of exposure to CDV also increased significantly with age, with similar age-specific trends during both years of the study. No significant effect of age was found on RABV seroprevalence. Three of the seven animals exhibiting immunity to RABV were monitored for more than one year after sampling and did not succumb to the disease. Mortality records revealed that rabid animals are destroyed nearly every year inside the ENP tourist camps. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that jackal RABV in ENP is part of the same transmission cycle as other dog-jackal RABV cycles in Namibia.

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Mokola Virus in Domestic Mammals, South Africa

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material

Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material

Epidemiology of human rabies in South Africa, 1983–2007

Black-Backed Jackal Exposure to Rabies Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, and Bacillus Anthracis in Etosha National Park, Namibia

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