Moisture-induced buckling of paper sheets, analysis and simulation

Böck, R. de; Ven, A.A.F. van de; Saes, Louis; Maubach, J.M.L.; Koren, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.08.038

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The full-field in-plane paper hygro-expansion method based on GDIC involves placing the patterned paper sheet in between two flat ( ∼ 5 µm corner-to-corner height deviation) woven steel gazes, which are spaced with the paper thickness to minimize out-of-plane deformation, which is known to occur during sheet-scale hygro-expansion measurements (Kulachenko et al, 2005;De Böck et al, 2017), shown in Figure 2. This paper sheet is tested inside a climate chamber, in which the relative humidity (RH) is regulated, and captured using a telecentric lens-camera setup, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Sheet-scale Hygro-expansivity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true for printing applications, during which paper is subjected to multiple drying and wetting cycles while being, respectively, constrained and unconstrained. Failure to control the paper sheet deformation can result in out-of-plane deformations, including curling, cockling, fluting and waviness (Kulachenko et al, 2005;De Böck et al, 2017), which are driven by processes occurring in the fibrous microstructure, down to the single fiber level. The severity of these out-of-plane deformations are linked to the magnitude of the moisture-induced dimensional change (hygro-expansion) of the paper sheet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of restrained versus free drying on hygro-expansion of hardwood and softwood fibers and paper handsheet

Vonk¹,

Peerlings²,

Geers³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Earlier works in literature on the hygro-expansion of paper state that the larger hygro-expansivity of freely compared to restrained dried handsheets is due to structural differences between the fibers inside the handsheet. To unravel this hypothesis, first, the hygro-expansion of freely and restrained dried, hardwood and softwood handsheets has been characterized. Subsequently, the transient full-field hygroexpansion (longitudinal, transverse, and shear strain) of fibers extracted from these handsheets was measured using global digital height correlation, from which the micro-fibril angle was deduced. The hygro-expansivity of each individual fiber was tested before and after a wetting period, during which the fiber's moisture content is maximized, to analyze if a restrained dried fiber can "transform" into a freely dried fiber. It was found that the longitudinal hygro-expansion of the freely dried fibers is significantly larger than the restrained dried fibers, consistent with the sheet-scale differences. The difference in micro-fibril angle between the freely and restrained dried fibers is a possible explanation for this difference, but merely for the hardwood fibers, which are able to "transform" to freely dried fibers after being soaked in water. In contrast, this "transformation" does not happen in softwood fibers, even after full immersion in water for a day. Various mechanisms have been studied to explain the observations on freely and restrained dried hardwood and softwood, fiber and handsheets including analysis of the fibers' lumen and cross-sectional shape. The presented results and discussion deepens the understanding of the differences between freely and restrained dried handsheets.

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Section: Sheet-scale Hygro-expansivity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of restrained versus free drying on hygro-expansion of hardwood and softwood fibers and paper handsheet

Vonk¹,

Peerlings²,

Geers³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If the presence of in-plane gradients in liquid content is the dominant mechanism, the paper sheet can undergo a buckling instability. 20,21 De Bo ¨ck et al 22 presented a theoretical analysis of the buckling of paper sheets due to an inhomogeneous moisture distribution based on solutions of the Von Ka ´rma ´n equations. However, they disregarded the sensitive dependence of the elastic properties of paper on the moisture content, which implies that their results are restricted to the case of small excursions in moisture content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient deformation and swelling of paper by aqueous co-solvent solutions

et al. 2023

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“…The finite element method (FEM) provides a possible way to solve this problem, and the corresponding simulation of the moisture distribution inside the material can be performed. 18,19 The simulation process usually involves mass diffusion 20 and the heat conduction module 21 ; the former can be used to simulate mass diffusion driven by concentration gradients, temperature, or pressure gradients, and the latter can be applied to simulate radiation, convection, and other issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and finite element simulation study of moisture absorption in an ordered PVAF-reinforced thermoplastic starch composite film

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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A two-dimensional (2D) model was established by the finite element method to study the transient hygroscopic process and moisture-induced stress to better understand the moisture absorption microscopic process of ordered polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF)-reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite films and the corresponding moisture-induced stress. The Mises stress contour of moisture distribution at five time points (36, 68, 100, 176, and 348 h) under four relative humidities (RH=57%, 75%, 84%, 98%) is demonstrated. The variation in moisture content along the two paths of width (AB) and thickness (CD) in the 2D model and the moisture-induced stress were also studied in detail. The results show that when the time t is 348 h, the saturated moisture contents along CD are 5.27, 17.22, 30.58, and 59.14%, and along AB are 5.27, 17.19, 30.57, and 59.07%. In addition, the change in moisture content, regardless of whether the path was AB or CD, mainly occurred before 176 h. The simulation results of moisture absorption are in good agreement with the experimental results. The ultimate moisture-induced stress is the largest in the fiber surroundings, which are 0.398, 1.30, 2.31, and 4.48 MPa at four RHs, respectively, and the internal moisture stress of 4.48 MPa was within the tensile strength (2–6 MPa) of PVAF/TPS (PVAF <0.89 vt%), which resulted in composite film failure. This paper provides a new way to understand the moisture absorption mechanism and explore possible methods for improving the water-resistance of TPS films.

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Moisture-induced buckling of paper sheets, analysis and simulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of restrained versus free drying on hygro-expansion of hardwood and softwood fibers and paper handsheet

Effect of restrained versus free drying on hygro-expansion of hardwood and softwood fibers and paper handsheet

Transient deformation and swelling of paper by aqueous co-solvent solutions

An experimental and finite element simulation study of moisture absorption in an ordered PVAF-reinforced thermoplastic starch composite film

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