Moisture Effects on Gold Nanowear

Pendergast, Megan; Volinsky, Alex A.; Pang, Xiaolu; Shields, R.R.

doi:10.1557/proc-1085-t05-10

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Water content can influence material removing behavior. Pendergas et al108 compared the material removing behavior of Au in water to that in ambient environment (∼60% humidity). Both Si 3 N 4 and diamond tips were used to scratch materials with single or multiple cycles.…”

Section: Materials Removing With Mulptiple Tip Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Single‐ and Multiple‐Tip Sources

Tseng

2011

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been an effective material removing tool for fabricating various nanostructures because of its sub-nanometer precision and simplicity in operation. AFM material removing techniques have evolved from a solely mechanical process to one in which the tip can be loaded by additional energy sources, such as thermal, electric, or chemical, to enhance its fabrication abilities. In this paper, these material removing techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on their capabilities and recent progress. The recent hardware and software developments are first presented to provide a general view on the current status of the technology to be assessed. Following an overview of the feasibility and effectiveness of using mechanical scratching for removing various types of soft and hard materials, the processes of a wide range of approaches using multiple tip sources are then assessed with a focus on their principles, versatilities, and potentials for future applications.

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Section: Materials Removing With Mulptiple Tip Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Single‐ and Multiple‐Tip Sources

Tseng

2011

Small

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Characterization of electrowetting processes through force measurements

Crane

Mishra

Volinsky

2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new method of characterizing electrowetting is presented. In this method, the electrowetting actuation forces are measured rather than the contact angle. The forces on the liquid are measured by trapping a droplet between a flat nanoindenter tip and the test substrate. When voltage is applied to electrodes in the substrate, lateral and normal forces are exerted on the tip and measured by the nanoindenter transducer. Proper selection of the tip geometry permits direct prediction of the resulting in-plane lateral forces using analytical formulas derived from the Young-Lippmann equation. Experimental results show good agreement with both analytical and numerical predictions. Numerical modeling using SURFACE EVOLVER shows that the lateral forces are relatively insensitive to most alignment errors and that the analytical model is most accurate when the flat tip is close to the substrate. Evaporation of the test liquid can introduce modest errors in long measurements, but compensation methods are presented. As the droplet undergoes almost no movement, the fluid dynamics have minimal impact on the measured forces and transient electrowetting events are readily detected. Experimental results show significant response at frequencies up to 40 Hz. This setup is useful in measuring electrowetting responses at high speeds and in measuring system degradation processes.

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Observation of dynamic water microadsorption on Au surface

Huang¹,

Gupta²,

Gao³

et al. 2014

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Experimental and theoretical research on water wettability, adsorption, and condensation on solid surfaces has been ongoing for many decades because of the availability of new materials, new detection and measurement techniques, novel applications, and different scales of dimensions. Au is a metal of special interest because it is chemically inert, has a high surface energy, is highly conductive, and has a relatively high melting point. It has wide applications in semiconductor integrated circuitry, microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, biochips, jewelry, coinage, and even dental restoration. Therefore, its surface condition, wettability, wear resistance, lubrication, and friction attract a lot of attention from both scientists and engineers. In this paper, the authors experimentally investigated Au2O3 growth, wettability, roughness, and adsorption utilizing atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, reflectance spectrometry, and contact angle measurement. Samples were made using a GaAs substrate. Utilizing a super-hydrophilic Au surface and the proper surface conditions of the surrounding GaAs, dynamic microadsorption of water on the Au surface was observed in a clean room environment. The Au surface area can be as small as 12 μm2. The adsorbed water was collected by the GaAs groove structure and then redistributed around the structure. A model was developed to qualitatively describe the dynamic microadsorption process. The effective adsorption rate was estimated by modeling and experimental data. Devices for moisture collection and a liquid channel can be made by properly arranging the wettabilities or contact angles of different materials. These novel devices will be very useful in microfluid applications or biochips.

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Moisture Effects on Gold Nanowear

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Removing Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Single‐ and Multiple‐Tip Sources

Removing Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Single‐ and Multiple‐Tip Sources

Characterization of electrowetting processes through force measurements

Observation of dynamic water microadsorption on Au surface

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