Moisture damage and childhood asthma: a population-based incident case-control study

Pekkanen, Juha; Hyvärinen, Anne; Haverinen‐Shaughnessy, Ulla; Korppi, Matti; Putus, Tuula; Nevalainen, Aino

doi:10.1183/09031936.00040806

Cited by 137 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We also investigated the exposure of visible mould at home and the risk of respiratory disorders. There are a number of studies considering visible mould as a risk factor for respiratory diseases and symptoms among children [1,2,[4][5][6]. We found no association between visible mould and respiratory disorders within the German and Dutch populations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Some studies have shown that visible mould in homes increases the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing in children [1][2][3][4][5][6]. A birth cohort study in the USA concluded that 1-yr-old children of asthmatic and allergic mothers who were exposed to high levels of Penicillium, a common genus of mould, were at significantly higher risk for wheeze and persistent cough [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)- -D-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin

Tischer¹,

Gehring²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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For a long time, exposure to mould and dampness-derived microbial components was considered a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases and symptoms. Some recent studies suggested that early childhood exposure to mould components, such as (1,3)-b-Dglucan and extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), may protect children from developing allergy. We investigated the association of exposure to (1,3)-b-D-glucan, EPS and endotoxin with asthma and allergies in 6-yr-old children.This investigation was the follow-up to a nested case-control study among three European birth cohorts. Children from two ongoing birth cohort studies performed in Germany (n5358) and one in the Netherlands (n5338) were selected. Levels of (1,3)-b-D-glucan, EPS and endotoxin were measured in settled house dust sampled from children's mattresses and living-room floors when the children were, on average, 5 yrs of age. At the age of 6 yrs, health outcome information was available for 678 children.In the two German subsets, domestic EPS and endotoxin exposure from children's mattresses were significantly negatively associated with physician-diagnosed asthma (OR per interquartile range increase 0.60 (95% CI 0.39-0.92) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.31-0.97), respectively). In addition, EPS exposure was inversely related to physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.81). For the Dutch population, no associations were observed between exposure to microbial agents and respiratory health outcomes.We found inverse associations between domestic exposure to EPS and endotoxin from children's mattresses, and doctor-diagnosed asthma and rhinitis in German, but not in Dutch, school children. The reasons for the differences between countries are not clear.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)- -D-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin

Tischer¹,

Gehring²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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“…DIJKSTRA [29] DALES [16] DALES [32] PONSONBY [18] ZHENG [27] CHEN [25] FREEMAN [20] FREEMAN substudy [20] SPENGLER [19] PEKKANEN [33] DONG [17] DONG [22] ANTOVA [15] WARMAN [24] Summary (OR FAGBULE [34] VERHOEFF [31] LI [26] LI [35] MAIER [28] BRUNEKREEF [23] BRUNEKREEF [23] BRUNEKREEF [21] STRACHAN [37] STRACHAN [38] DIJKSTRA [29] DALES [16] SPENGLER [19] EMENIUS [36] ALPER [39] DONG [17] DONG [22] ANTOVA [15] ROSENBAUM [43] IOSSIFOVA [8] KARVONEN [42] Summary (OR LI [26] MAIER [28] BRUNEKREEF [23] BRUNEKREEF [23] CHEN [25] BIAGINI [45] IBARGOYEN-ROTETA [44] KOSKINEN substudy [47] KOSKINEN [47] LI [26] LI [35] BRUNEKREEF [21] DONG …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study from China with 1,209 subjects [27], and two studies from Europe [31,33] reported an increased risk of physician-diagnosed asthma with exposure to visible mould, in children up to school age. This association could not be confirmed by LI and HSU [35] in a small population of 46 Taiwanese school children.…”

Section: Wheezementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between domestic mould and mould components, and asthma and allergy in children: a systematic review

Tischer¹,

Cm²,

Heinrich³

2011

European Respiratory Journal

145

108

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Critical reviews over the past 10 yrs have found increased respiratory and allergic health outcomes for children living in damp and mouldy environments. However, recent studies have suggested that early childhood exposure to specific mould components may actually protect children from developing allergy.We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published in English from January 1980 to July 2010. This review was conducted according to systematic guidelines for Metaanalyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE). The literature was searched using a computerised bibliographic database, PubMed. In order to increase the quality of the reviewed studies, meta-analyses of the effects of visible mould exposure on allergic health outcomes were performed and we evaluated the findings according to the Bradford Hill criteria for evidence of causation.The literature search identified 1,398 peer-reviewed scientific publications, and 61 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this review. We observed increased risks of allergic respiratory health outcomes in children exposed to visible mould and mould spores. These findings were confirmed by the results of the meta-analysis and in line with the evaluation criteria according to Bradford Hill. Visible mould was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.49 (95% CI 1.28-1.72)), wheeze (OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.48-1.90)) and allergic rhinitis (OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.28-1.51)). However, there was a tendency of lower risk for allergic health outcomes in children exposed to mouldderived components such as (1,3)-b-D-glucan and extracellular polysaccharides.These findings suggest that home environments with visible mould and mould spore exposure increase the risk of allergic respiratory health outcomes in children. However, further investigations are needed to examine the effects of exposure to mould-derived components as the current literature is inconclusive. In order to disentangle the different effects of overall microbial exposure on children's health, research should focus on specific microbial markers in the home, in combination with new assessment techniques including molecular methods.

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“…Without changes to ventilation, houses become tighter with increased insulation which results in deteriorating indoor air quality due to increased humidity but also in greater thermal comfort and less infiltration of polluted ambient air in cities. Although indoor air quality can significantly affect health (Pekkanen et al, 2007) it was out of scope to estimate these very complex effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled effects of an improved building insulation scenario in Europe on air pollution, health and societal costs

Bønløkke¹,

Holst²,

Sigsgaard³

et al. 2016

Pollution Atmosphérique

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Background: In Europe a substantial share of the energy supply is used for domestic heating and cooling. The quality of building insulation thus significantly impacts air pollution. Objectives: To model the effects of an improved building insulation scenario in Europe on air pollution levels and the resulting effects on health and economy.Methods: Projected energy savings between 2005 and 2020 were calculated for an improved building insulation scenario and a business as usual scenario. The resulting changes in emissions (e.g. from power plants) were used in the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with extensions. Mean annual changes in the main air pollutants were derived for each country. World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) data on populations and on impacts of pollutants were used to derive health effects and costs. Effects on indoor air quality were not assessed. Conclusions: In addition to carbon emission reductions, an improved building insulation scenario in Europe would have substantial benefits on health through improvements in air pollution. Health effects and societal cost savings may significantly counterbalance investment costs and should be taken into account when evaluating strategies for mitigation of global warming.

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Moisture damage and childhood asthma: a population-based incident case-control study

Cited by 137 publications

References 35 publications

Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)- -D-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin

Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)- -D-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin

Association between domestic mould and mould components, and asthma and allergy in children: a systematic review

Modeled effects of an improved building insulation scenario in Europe on air pollution, health and societal costs

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