Moisture and salt monitoring in concrete by evanescent field dielectrometry

Riminesi, Cristiano; Marie-Victoire, Elisabeth; Bouichou, Myriam; Olmi, Roberto

doi:10.1088/1361-6501/28/1/014002

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The uncontrolled field nonuniformity in multimode [63] Figure 5. Current flow concentration and "hot lines" in FS experiments: a) mostly nondensified alumina-zirconia composite pellet showing densification and grain growth and even melted eutectic along the flow axis; [64] b) top and cross section of a LVP (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ) pellet showing the localization of densification and fracture.…”

Section: Field Inhomogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viewpoint on Hot Spots in Microwave Sintering and Flash Sintering

et al. 2023

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Microwave sintering and flash sintering are field‐assisted ceramic processing techniques in which heating is totally or partly obtained inside the material itself by a coupling between the ceramic material and the electromagnetic or electrical field. They frequently give rise to the observation of localized temperature excess known as hot spots that can lead to dramatic effects on the sintered parts. This article explores and discusses the common origin of hot spots in both techniques, their development, and the possible ways for limiting their effects.

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Section: Field Inhomogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viewpoint on Hot Spots in Microwave Sintering and Flash Sintering

et al. 2023

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“…Techniques such as infrared thermography [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], high-frequency sensors [ 8 , 9 ], and evanescent field dielectrometry [ 10 ] have to be mentioned here. The latter has also been used for concrete [ 11 , 12 ]. Additionally, concrete and other construction materials, such as limestone, cement, clay, or other porous materials, were measured in the laboratory by gamma ray attenuation [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], X-ray radiography [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], neutron radiography [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], time-domain reflectometry [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], wireless inductive–capacitive sensors [ 26 , 27 ], optic fiber sensors [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], impedance tomography [ 33 , 34 ], and the capacitance method [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Humidity and Salt Detection in Historical Building Materials via Broadband Radar Measurement

Blaschke,

Brand,

Drese

2023

Sensors

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For the investigation of moisture and salt content in historic masonry, destructive drilling samples followed by a gravimetric investigation is still the preferred method. In order to prevent the destructive intrusion into the building substance and to enable a large-area measurement, a nondestructive and easy-to-use measuring principle is needed. Previous systems for moisture measurement usually fail due to a strong dependence on contained salts. In this work, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system was used to determine the frequency-dependent complex permittivity in the range between 1 and 3 GHz on salt-loaded samples of historical building materials. By choosing this frequency range, it was possible to determine the moisture in the samples independently of the salt content. In addition, it was possible to make a quantitative statement about the salt level. The applied method demonstrates that with ground penetrating radar measurements in the frequency range selected here, a salt-independent moisture determination can be carried out.

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“…At present, no non-invasive method exists to determine salt species concentrations inside porous media. The SUSI© equipment uses dielectrics and can map water content and a parameter labelled as the salinity index, which is related to conductivity of the salt solution, but does not identify the individual salts [18]. Hyperspectral imaging in the far infrared (1100-2500 nm) has shown promise with sample salts [19], but its applicability to all common salt mixtures has not been determined, nor its information depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Salts and Clays for Conservation of Porous Cultural Heritage

Thickett

2023

Applied Sciences

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Soluble salts and clays are major intrinsic causes of degradation of porous cultural heritage materials. Identifying their presence and concentrations can allow environmental control to prevent decay before it is observed. Such control is often energy- and carbon-intensive and better targeted towards those objects that require it rather than a general approach. The use of poultices has been investigated to determine salt species and concentrations in stone to replace drilling samples. A non-invasive method using two types of moisture meter has been developed to map the conductivity of salt solutions in stone. Fourier transform and near-infrared spectroscopies have been investigated to non-invasively quantify the amount of muscovite clay in limestones without the need to take drilled samples. Salts can react with extrinsic acetic acid from display and storage environments, causing extensive damaging surface efflorescences. A rapid analytical procedure based on external reflectance Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) microscopy has been developed. This allows analysis of multiple salts on a cuneiform tablet surface. Analyses of soluble salts inside the tablets has indicated the sulphate-to-chloride ratio is a good predictor of whether mixed acetate efflorescences will occur on exposure.

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Moisture and salt monitoring in concrete by evanescent field dielectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

A Viewpoint on Hot Spots in Microwave Sintering and Flash Sintering

A Viewpoint on Hot Spots in Microwave Sintering and Flash Sintering

Quantification of Humidity and Salt Detection in Historical Building Materials via Broadband Radar Measurement

Analysis of Salts and Clays for Conservation of Porous Cultural Heritage

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