Moiré Patterns in Superimposed Nanoporous Thin Films Derived from Block-Copolymer Assemblies

Luchnikov, Valériy; Kondyurin, Alexey; Formánek, Petr; Lichte, Hannes; Stamm, Manfred

doi:10.1021/nl071844k

Cited by 48 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The SMA were composed of 2-(4 0 -hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HABA) as the low molecular weight additive and polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) as the diblock copolymer. [56][57][58][59][60] Since the cylindrical morphology adopted in the thin films of these SMA could easily be switched from parallel to perpendicular and vice-versa by annealing in the vapor of appropriate solvents, it was possible to fabricate highly ordered palladium nanodots or nanowires from the same system. Moreover, the use of a strongly segregated block copolymer system (PS-b-P4VP) allowed the fabrication of nanopatterns with sub-30-nm periodicity which, to the best of our knowledge, is one of the smallest obtained using block copolymer templates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrays of Inorganic Nanodots and Nanowires Using Nanotemplates Based on Switchable Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assemblies

Nandan

Gowd

Bigall

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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Here, a novel and simple route to fabricate highly dense arrays of palladium nanodots and nanowires with sub‐30 nm periodicity using nanoporous templates fabricated from supramolecular assemblies of a block copolymer, polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) and a low molecular weight additive, 2‐(4′‐hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HABA) is demonstrated. The palladium nanoparticles, which are directly deposited in the nanoporous templates from an aqueous solution, selectively migrate in the pores mainly due to their preferential attraction to the P4VP block covering the pore wall. The polymer template is then removed by oxygen plasma etching or pyrolysis in air resulting in palladium nanostructures whose large scale morphology mirrors that of the original template. The method adopted in this work is general and versatile so that it could easily be extended for patterning a variety of metallic materials into dot and wire arrays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrays of Inorganic Nanodots and Nanowires Using Nanotemplates Based on Switchable Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assemblies

Nandan

Gowd

Bigall

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The simulated MoirØ pattern from the FFT is also been shown in Figure 3 Although MoirØ fringes are very common and are supposed to be obtained at the overlapping regions of two sheets or platelets, we observed here practically the same with several interesting patterns. To our knowledge, the case here is unique among previous reports on MoirØ fringes [28,[36][37][38] and we assume this to be because of the highly crystalline nature of the platelets. It has been observed that these platelets are associated with several important and useful materials properties.…”

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confidence: 51%

Semiconducting and Plasmonic Copper Phosphide Platelets

2013

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Designing different nanomaterials with new and useful properties required for developing day-to-day technologies has remained in the forefront of research for decades. Among these, semiconducting, light-emitting, plasmonic, photovoltaic, and magnetic properties are in the frontline. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Furthermore, materials with rectification properties remain one of the most demanding materials in recent times. [1][2][3][4][14][15][16][17] Very recently, semiconducting nanomaterials with tunable plasmonic absorption properties have also been reported; [5][6][7][8][18][19][20][21][22] these may further expand the already widespread applications of these nanomaterials in diverse research fields, including both in biology and device-based technologies. Hence, materials with several of these new properties are in demand for their implementation in different developing modern technologies.For designing nanomaterials, the colloidal synthetic method has remained unique and unbeatable to date. However, the classical mechanistic approach for fabricating these materials following this solution phase synthesis is more effective for tuning over a smaller range of dimensions, and produces mostly smaller-sized nanocrystals. Efforts to get larger-sized nanocrystals lead either to a wider size distribution or precipitation. Generally, this has been observed for 0D, 1D, or 2D crystal-growth processes. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Hence, designing of surface-ligand-capped nanomaterials with a wide range of size tunability that maintains their narrow size distribution throughout still remains challenging and requires more advanced synthetic methods.Confining the growth to 2D, we explore here the fabrication of nano-to microscale-tunable platelet-shaped Cu I phosphide as one of the upcoming materials associated with several new properties. This shows the band-edge absorption in the NIR spectral window, tunable surface plasmonic absorption in mid-IR window and also has the rectification properties required for possible exploration as photovoltaic material. Synthesis with such a wide tunable size range (ca. 1000 nm) has been performed by controlling the number of nucleations followed by rapid growth along two feasible directions. In the entire tunable regime, the size distribution remains narrow; the platelets maintain a hexagonal shape and retain single crystallinity. Moreover, unlike reported nanoplatelets made from various materials, these show several intriguing patterns of MoirØ fringes in their overlapping regions on the TEM grid. Finally, these p-type semiconducting platelets are explored to study their, photocurrent, photoresponse and photovoltaic activity under whitelight illumination.For the synthesis of copper phosphide, phosphine gas generated ex situ [31] has been explored as the phosphide source. This also helps to carry out the reaction at relatively moderate temperatures (200-230 8C). Using CuCl as Cu precursor, a mixture of alkylamine and trioctylphosphineoxide as solvent, and trioctylpho...

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“…Moirépatterns from TEM images of superimposed block copolymer thin films have been reported 7 to 8 years ago, and their possible use in nanolithography was contemplated. 31 Figure 6 shows SEM images of nanostructured silicon under a nanoporous mask area with a well-defined fold. The low-magnification SEM image in Figure 6a allows us to characterize the fold, as shown in Figure 6b.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Direct and Moiré Patterns by Reactive Ion Etching Through Ex Situ Fabricated Nanoporous Polymer Masks

et al. 2015

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We present a conceptually simple approach to nanolithographic patterning utilizing ex situ fabricated nanoporous masks from block copolymers. The fabricated block copolymer (BC) masks show predictable morphology based on the correlation between BC composition and bulk properties, independent of substrates' surface properties. The masks are prepared by microtoming of prealigned nanoporous polymer monoliths of hexagonal morphology at controlled angles; they appear as 30-60 nm thick films of typical dimensions 100 μm × 200 μm. Masks cut perpendicular to the cylindrical axis show monocrystalline hexagonal packing of 10 nm pores with a principal period of 20 nm. We demonstrate the transfer of the hexagonal pattern onto silicon by means of reactive ion etching through the masks. In addition, patterns of elliptic and slit-like holes on silicon are obtained by utilizing masks cut at 45° relative to the cylinder axis. Finally, we demonstrate the first transfer of moiré patterns from block copolymer masks to substrate. The nanoporous masks prepared ex situ show outstanding long-range order and can be applied directly onto any flat substrate, eliminating the need for topographic and chemical surface modification, which are essential prerequisites for the conventional procedure of block copolymer directed self-assembly. The demonstrated elliptic and moiré pattern transfers prove that the proposed ex situ procedure allows us to realize nanolithographic patterns that are difficult to realize by the conventional approach alone.

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Moiré Patterns in Superimposed Nanoporous Thin Films Derived from Block-Copolymer Assemblies

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Arrays of Inorganic Nanodots and Nanowires Using Nanotemplates Based on Switchable Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assemblies

Arrays of Inorganic Nanodots and Nanowires Using Nanotemplates Based on Switchable Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assemblies

Semiconducting and Plasmonic Copper Phosphide Platelets

Transfer of Direct and Moiré Patterns by Reactive Ion Etching Through Ex Situ Fabricated Nanoporous Polymer Masks

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