MOIRAE – bottom-up MOdel to compute the energy consumption of the Italian REsidential sector: Model design, validation and evaluation of electrification pathways

Italian Household Load Profiles: A Monitoring Campaign

“…This paper proposed a sociodemographic analysis of the Italian households' load profiles from a smart metering experimental study, while also considering households in energy poverty conditions. The outcomes can be exploited for further research activities, including the validation or the calibration of existing models [14,15,[20][21][22], or they can be used to improve the time step of broader energy consumption estimation models, such as MOIRAE [23], which is still under development. Indeed, simulation models based on the consumption behaviors, as developed by Gao et al [54], require data acquisition either at the calculation procedure phase or at validation phase.…”

“…The major appliances present in the active households are fridges, TVs, and washing machines because of their diffusion and them having the most straightforward installation of the measurement kit, whereas ovens' and dishwashers' plugs are harder to reach; conversely, microwaves are not present in all households. Moreover, the monitored appliances (excluding power meters) contribute to about 43% of total annual electricity consumption in the Italian households [23]; in particular the contribution account for 15.3% from fridges, 7.0% from TVs, 10.6% from washing machines, and a minor contribution of 5.3% from dishwashers, and 4.2% from ovens [23]. Nonetheless, in related future research activity, other household appliances will be monitored, as well as a greater sample.…”

“…The defined clusters are thereby representative of the Italian households consumptions and behaviors, with accurate approximations; thus, by conducting measurements within the representative clusters, the results can be generalized and exploited to characterize the possible energy savings of the different types of households at a national level (e.g., waste reduction, appliances replacement) in the perspectives of awareness raising, training, and information campaigns. Moreover, the results regarding the load profiles of both total and single-appliance energy consumptions can be applied to validate load profile simulation models [14,15,[20][21][22] or to decrease the time steps of more general energy consumption estimation models, in particular in exploiting a bottom-up approach such as MOIRAE [23].…”

Assessing the Impact on Grid Infrastructure of Electrification Pathways for the Italian Residential Sector

“…To estimate the amount of the new electric energy that will be consumed following the electrification process, the MOIRAE (bottom-up MOdel to compute the energy consumption of the Italian REsidential sector) model developed by Besagni et al [10,11] is exploited. The model is built to take as input data released by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and uses them to estimate the residential energy consumption for each primary energy carrier in the whole country in the 2002-2040 period.…”

“…In particular, in Scenario 4, it is possible to exploit single heat pumps to satisfy the need for heating and DHW, thus further reducing energy consumption. The procedure used to define the criteria for heat pumps selection are kept unchanged from former analyses performed by Besagni et al [10,11], where the type of heat pump installed depends on the former kind of heating/DHW system present in the household. Assumptions regarding household members' habits regarding appliances usage are kept constant, to isolate the effect of energy vector changes.…”