MOG-IgG-Associated Optic Neuritis, Encephalitis, and Myelitis: Lessons Learned From Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Passos, Giordani Rodrigues dos; Oliveira, Letycia Maria Lopes de; Costa, Bruna Klein da; Apóstolos‐Pereira, Samira Luísa; Callegaro, Dagoberto; Fujihara, Kazuo; Sato, Douglas Kazutoshi

doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00217

Cited by 169 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) remains the most common neuroinflammatory CNS disorder. Other “related” disorders such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are now recognized to have distinct pathogenic mechanisms (Dos Passos et al, ). Animal models continue to be used as a foundation for defining mechanisms that may underlie development and course of MS.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Role Of Inflammation In Physiologic And Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Healy

Yaqubi

Ludwin

et al. 2019

Glia

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Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in neural development and rare genetic disorders (e.g., colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] deficiency). Genome wide association studies suggest a comparable role of the immune system in humans. Although the CNS can be the target of primary autoimmune disorders, no current experimental model captures all of the features of the most common human disorder placed in this category, multiple sclerosis (MS). Such features include spontaneous onset, environmental contributions, and a recurrent/progressive disease course in a genetically predisposed host. Numerous therapeutic interventions related to antigen and cytokine specific therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model used to define principles underlying immune‐mediated mechanisms in MS. Despite the similarities in the two diseases, most treatments used to ameliorate EAE have failed to translate to the human disease. As directly demonstrated in animal models and implicated by correlative studies in humans, adaptive and innate immune constituents within the systemic compartment and resident in the CNS contribute to the disease course of neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders. The expanding knowledge of the molecular properties of glial cells provides increasing insights into species related variables. These variables affect glial bidirectional interactions with the immune system as well as their own production of “immune molecules” that mediate tissue injury and repair.

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Section: Comparison Of the Role Of Inflammation In Physiologic And Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Healy

Yaqubi

Ludwin

et al. 2019

Glia

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“…Thus, the recently described entity of MOG-IgG-associated optic neuritis, encephalitis, and myelitis (MONEM) may exist in this patient. 12 Long-term follow-up of the patient may further clarify the diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intractable Hiccups due to Isolated Parainfectious Myelitis

Panda

Verma

2020

JNRP

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Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system are diseases that affect the optic nerves, brain, and spinal cord, leading to visual loss, brainstem dysfunction, and locomotor dysfunction. Intractable vomiting is a rare phenomenon seen due to the involvement of the medulla oblongata in neuromyelitis optica, a rare autoimmune demyelinating disorder. We present our experience with a 33-year-old male who presented to our facility with complaints of intractable hiccups. After extensive evaluation, he was found to have parainfectious myelitis. His symptoms completely resolved following institution of appropriate therapy. Through this report, we hope to bring attention to an unusual cause of intractable hiccups that may often go undiagnosed in general practice. AbstractKeywords ► intractable hiccups ► demyelination ► myelitis ► neuromyelitis optica

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“…The sequence of the events characterizing the syndrome (ADEM followed by ON) seems to depend on the typical distribution of ADS during childhood, with encephalopathic syndromes concerning younger children, and monofocal or multifocal nonencephalopathic events more typically affecting the older ones. 7,18 It has been demonstrated that MOG-abs are common in younger patients with encephalopa-thy and that MOG-abs syndromes frequently affect the optic nerves. 14 The data in the literature indicates that ADEM-ON represents a common evolution of MOG-abs seropositive patients who initially presented ADEM.…”

Section: Adem-onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, MOG-abs have been more recently detected in pediatric patients with different forms of monophasic or relapsing ADS, all grouped under the umbrella-term "MOG-spectrum disorder" (MOG-SD), including ADEM-ON as a distinct entity within this spectrum. [6][7][8] The goal of the current study is to review the literature on ADEM-ON, to analyze the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological aspects of pediatric patients affected by this new subtype of ADS and to understand its clinical course and therapeutic features more completely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis followed by Optic Neuritis: A Rare Syndrome of Uncertain Treatment and Prognosis

et al. 2020

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Aim Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis (ADEM-ON), first described in 2013, is a rare demyelinating syndrome, typical of the pediatric age. We conducted a mini review of the existing literature, focusing on clinical, laboratory, radiological, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects in order to improve the identification of new cases. Methods We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies on ADEM-ON between 2013 and 2018. Results Examination of the reported cases (three case reports and eight observational studies) established the following features. Time between ADEM and ON is highly variable. Almost all patients show antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-abs) seropositivity. High-dose intravenous steroid and plasmapheresis efficacy is reported for the acute phase; oral prednisone and other maintenance drugs may be useful in avoiding relapses. The clinical history may lead to a complete recovery but also to residual deficits. Conclusion MOG-abs detection strongly supports ADEM-ON diagnosis, confirming this entity as part of MOG-abs spectrum disorder. Owing to the very small number of cases so far reported, predicting clinical evolution is very difficult.

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MOG-IgG-Associated Optic Neuritis, Encephalitis, and Myelitis: Lessons Learned From Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 169 publications

References 94 publications

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Species differences in immune‐mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic

Intractable Hiccups due to Isolated Parainfectious Myelitis

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis followed by Optic Neuritis: A Rare Syndrome of Uncertain Treatment and Prognosis

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