MOF-Fabric Composites Based on a Multi-Functional MOF as Luminescent Sensors for a Neurotransmitter and an Anti-Cancer Drug

Abstract

A biocompatible, reliable, fast, and nanomolar-level dual-functional sensor for a neurotransmitter (e.g., adrenaline) and an anti-cancer drug (e.g., 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)) is still far away from the hand of modern-day researchers. To address this issue, we synthesized an aqua-stable, bio-friendly, thioureafunctionalized Zr(IV) metal−organic framework (MOF) for selective, rapid sensing of adrenaline and 6-MP with ultra-low limit of detection (LOD for adrenaline = 1.9 nM and LOD for 6-MP = 28 pM). This is the first MOF-based fluorescent sensor of both the targeted analytes. The sensor not only can detect adrenaline in HEPES buffer medium but also in different bio-fluids (e.g., human urine and blood serum) and pH media. It also exhibited 6-MP sensing ability in aqueous medium and in various wastewater specimens and pH solutions. For the quick and on-site detection of this neuro-messenger (adrenaline) and the drug (6-MP), cost-effective sensor-coated cotton fabric composites were fabricated. The MOF@cotton fabric composite is capable of detecting both the analytes up to the nanomolar level by the naked eye under UV light. The sensor can be recycled up to five times without significantly losing its efficiency. The Forster resonance energy transfer in the presence of adrenaline and inner-filter effect in the presence of 6-MP are the most likely reasons behind the quenching of the MOF's fluorescence intensity, which were proved with the help of appropriate instrumental techniques.

Sustainable Fabrication of an Eco-Friendly, Reusable Chitosan@Cotton@MOF Composite Sensor for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Herbicide and Nitroxoline Antibiotic

“…The high reusability of 1′ prompted us to fabricate a chitosan@cotton@MOF composite for the on-field and easy detection of targeted analytes. Formerly, we developed MOF@cotton composites as a replacement for paper@MOF composites. , Paper-based composites are typically not reusable since they are readily brittle in the presence of solvents. Therefore, they are useless as recyclable sensors.…”

“…Formerly, we developed MOF@cotton composites as a replacement for paper@MOF composites. 31,32 Paper-based composites are typically not reusable since they are readily brittle in the presence of solvents. Therefore, they are useless as recyclable sensors.…”

Hf-Based MOF for Rapid and Selective Sensing of a Nerve Agent Simulant and an Aminophenol: Insights from Experiments and Theory

“…In most cases, paper strips are not reusable, and they can easily tear in the presence of solvents. However, a cotton composite is long-lasting, medical-friendly, and reusable . Thus, we developed a MOF-coated cotton composite and examined its capability to detect DCP and 3-DEAP.…”

“…However, a cotton composite is longlasting, medical-friendly, and reusable. 43 Thus, we developed a MOF-coated cotton composite and examined its capability to detect DCP and 3-DEAP. Two small pieces of cotton were uniformly covered with 1′ suspension for this experiment, and they were kept in a hot air oven for complete drying.…”

pH-Stable Zn(II) Coordination Polymer as a Multiresponsive Turn-On and Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor for Aqueous Medium Detection of Al(III) and Cr(VI) Oxo-Anions

“…In this context, coordination polymers (CPs) and/or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting immense interest due to their intriguing properties, such as an accessible high surface area, ordered crystalline structure, permanent porosity, functional tunability, structural diversity, unique flexibility, and variable morphologies. − In particular, owing to the presence of well-organized chromophores (Lewis acid and basic sites) in their chemically tailorable framework, CPs/MOFs exhibit excellent luminescent properties. ,, Such superior properties make them fascinating as an effective sensing probe for the detection of variable analytes including toxic metal ions, hazardous anions, explosives, antibiotics, pesticides, and small organic molecules. ,,− Moreover, the specific host–guest interactions between the incoming analytes and the accessible functional groups of the framework bring more advantages in terms of easy operability, fast responsivity, high selectivity, good sensitivity, and multiple recyclabilities . − Taking advantage of such superiorities, although a large number of CPs/MOFs have been explored for the rapid detection of toxic metal cations and noxious oxo-anions individually or combinedly having turn-off luminescence only, ,,,, multiresponsive behavior with one turn-off and another turn-on luminescent detection by a single CP/MOF platform remains unexplored so far. Compared to single-analyte recognition, frameworks showing simultaneous and rapid sensing for multiple analytes are highly desirable and on-demand as they can increase the versatility and multipurpose usage possibility of the developed sensory materials. ,− On the other hand, although a decent number of coordination frameworks have displayed excellent luminescent performance with high sensitivity and selectivity, their insufficient hydrolytic stability, as well as chemical instability, , forced them to detect targeted analytes in a nonaqueous medium. , However, to make the developed framework affordable and easy to handle, it is desirable to develop robust sensor materials that ca...…”