MOF‐Based Hybrids for Solar Fuel Production

Abstract

Solar fuel production, water splitting, and CO2 reduction by sunlight‐assisted catalytic reactions, are attractive and environmentally sustainable approaches used to generate energy. Since many different parameters, including energy band structures, electronic conductivity, surface area, porosity, catalytic activity, and stability of photocatalytic materials, determine the photocatalytic reaction, a single photocatalytic material is often insufficient to fulfill all the requirements. Hybridization to complement the limitations of two or more component materials can provide a viable solution. Particularly, hybridization with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of materials with excellent controllability of topology, surface area, porosity, morphology, band structure, electrical conductivity, and composition, enables the on‐demand design of a myriad of high‐performance photocatalysts. Moreover, hybrids formed by MOF‐derived materials inherit the distinctive merits from the MOF and offer further diversification for hybrid photocatalysts. Here, the rational design of MOF‐based hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuel production is discussed. The synthetic strategies of diverse MOF‐based hybrids, the key physicochemical parameters of hybrids to determine photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions, and the mechanisms underlying the synergistic enhancement of solar fuel production are reviewed. Moreover, remaining challenges and future perspectives are addressed.

Visible-Light-Activated Type II Heterojunction in Cu3(hexahydroxytriphenylene)2/Fe2O3 Hybrids for Reversible NO2 Sensing: Critical Role of π–π* Transition

“…The establishment of heterostructures with charge-separating energy band structures, which are frequently employed in the design of photocatalysts, can be used to prolong the lifetimes of electrons and holes by charge separation. 34 To examine this effect, a sensor using Fe 2 O 3 –Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 heterostructures was fabricated ( Figure 3 a, Figure S12 ). Fe 2 O 3 was chosen because it exhibits an appropriate band structure to facilitate the charge separation at the heterointerfaces.…”

Tailoring Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photocatalysts toward Carbon Dioxide Reduction

“…MOFs are made up of both metal ions/clusters and organic ligands with a porous crystalline structure, large surface area, and tuneable pore structure and composition. [74,75] As MOF materials can accommodate nanoparticles and can be functionalized, they have been applied in gas adsorption/separation, biomedicine, and chemical sensor; meanwhile, they are another kind of materials to form the type-II heterojunction with PVKs. [76][77][78][79] As reported by Zhong's group, possessing the increased electronegativity due to the existence of amino groups, UiO-66(NH 2 ) exhibits a great interaction with electropositive CsPbBr 3 QDs, which is much stronger in comparison to physical adsorption.…”

Rational Design of Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Materials for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

“…Although improved activity over MOF‐based photocatalysts has been achieved, [ 13 ] the selectivity control over the formation of high value‐added chemicals is still very challenging. [ 14 ] To pursue the development of creative MOF‐based systems for the photoreduction of CO 2 , a comprehensive and timely review summarizing the recent achievement in this field is necessary to highlight the design and synthesis of MOF‐based photocatalysts and provide improved understanding of this field.…”