MOF-Based Antibiofouling Hemoadsorbent for Highly Efficient Removal of Protein-Bound Bilirubin

Abstract

A metal–organic framework (MOF)-based antibiofouling hemoadsorbent (PCB-MIL101) was developed through a facile encapsulation of MIL-101­(Cr) in zwitterionic poly carboxybetaine (PCB) hydrogel. PCB-MIL101 possessed strong mechanical strength and superior hemocompatibility, ensuring its safety in hemoperfusion applications. In addition, it showed efficient and effective adsorption toward bilirubin (BR), and its maximum adsorption capacity was ∼583 mg g–1. Moreover, due to the protection of antibiofouling PCB hydrogel, PCB-MIL101 showed ability to resist protein adsorption, thus working effectively to remove BR molecules from their binding albumin in biological solutions. The finding in this study provides a novel insight into developing MOF-based hemoadsorbents for the improvement of hemoperfusion therapies.

Recent Advances in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Preparation, Property, and Biomedical Application

“…Zwitterionic materials are a class of materials that contain both cationic and anionic groups, with no overall charge (neutral). Zwitterionic materials can be divided into the following categories according to the monomer structural characteristics (as shown in Figure 3 a): (1) phosphobetaine with a phosphate group and a terminal quaternary ammonium group [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]; (2) sulfobetaine or carboxybetaine with a quaternary ammonium group and a terminal carboxyl or sulfonic group [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]; (3) zwitterionic polyampholytes [ 29 ]. For the first two kinds of materials, each side-chain unit in the polymer contains an equal amount of positive and negative charges, which is electrically neutral.…”

Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforcement of Zwitterionic Hydrogels

“…The compressive modulus of hydrogel (0.044 MPa to 0.281 MPa for SB 3 MA 2 hydrogel and 0.070 MPa to 0.265 MPa for CB 2 MA 2 hydrogel) and compressive fracture strength (1.76 times for SB 3 MA 2 hydrogel and 2.19 times for CB 2 MA 2 hydrogel) were significantly increased by adding H103 rigid resin. Li et al [ 22 ] also used MOF-based MIL101 (Cr) to prepare CB 2 MA 2 hydrogels, increasing their compression modulus from 0.062 MPa to 1.070 MPa and compressive fracture stress from 0.10 MPa to 1.38 MPa. More importantly, based on the strong anti-fouling ability of zwitterionic hydrogels, the introduced 0D nanoparticles mentioned above can act as effective protein-bound toxin adsorbents without protein blocking adsorption sites even in 100% fetal bovine serum.…”

“…We hope to show a more comprehensive illustration of the interaction between the molecules, structural design, and other work of zwitterionic hydrogels to further expand their application scenarios. It is worth noting that only zwitterionic polymers with both cationic and anionic functional groups in each side chain unit are discussed in this review [ 21 , 22 ]. Other zwitterionic polymers in a broad sense, such as polyamphiphilic electrolyte hydrogel with copolymerized equimolar cationic and anionic components are not discussed due to the potential loss of basic zwitterionic properties in multivalent ion solution [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Series of AzTO-Based Energetic Materials: Effect of Different π–π Stacking Modes on Their Thermal Stability and Sensitivity

“…Compared with traditional high-energy materials, the design of novel high-energy explosives is based on insights into multiple subjects, including synthetic methodology, crystal engineering, and computational science. − Crystal design of high-energy materials is also an important method. In nature, molecules with a layer-by-layer structure are widespread. − More importantly, highly ordered structures formed in this way often exhibit fascinating properties, which have enlightened researchers to advance in-depth research on this system. − …”