Modulatory Role of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract against Cisplatin- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Female Albino Rats and their Offspring

Abstract

Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic drugs that widely utilized in the treatment of several malignancies .However, in the late era; its use has been limited because of its hazardous health drawbacks. Previous researches confirmed that CP has severe deleterious side effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses .Garlic (Allium sativum) extract has been claimed to exhibit potent antioxidative and free radical scavenging abilities in various disease conditions.Aim: The goal of the current investigation was to throw light on the CP-induced nephrotoxic effects in pregnant albino rats and their offspring and to clarify the possible ameliorating role of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on such alterations.Material & Methods: Thirty two adult Wistar albino rats (24 females and 8 males) were used in the current study. After mating and confirmation of pregnancy, the pregnant rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups (n=6).Group1: served as control, group 2: garlic extract supplemented, group 3: CP-treated and eventually group 4: received both CP and garlic extract. At the end of the weaning period, the mothers and the offsprings of all groups were sacrificed, the kidneys were immediately excised, weighed and processed for histological and biochemical investigations. Also, blood samples were withdrawn by direct cardiac puncture and processed for estimation of the assigned biochemical parameters. Results: The renal histological sections from CP-treated mother rats displayed pronounced histopathological lesions including little and atrophied glomeruli, damaged and dilated renal tubules. However, the offsprings suffered from mild renal histopatological lesions if compared with those of their mothers. Furthermore, the levels of renal tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were significantly decreased .On the contrary, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum urea and creatinine were significantly increased in CP-treated mother rats and their offsprings as compared with the corresponding values in the control group. On the other hand, the percentage value of caspase 3 activity was markedly elevated in the renal tissues of CP-treated mother rats and their offsprings compared to the control group. Following concomitant administration of both CP and garlic extract to the rats of group 4, the over-all histological scene of the kidney documented that there was an evident improvement so that it, more or less, resembled that of the control animals. In parallel with this, a noticeable improvement in the estimated levels of anti-oxidants, MDA, urea and creatinine as well as caspase 3activity, more or less, simulated the control levels.Conclusion: Based on the previous data, it is concluded that garlic (Allium sativum) extract has a lessening effect on the CP induced renal toxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring.