Modulatory potentials of the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Abstract

Among Yoruba herbalists (Southwest Nigeria), hot water infusion of Mangifera indica L. (芒果 Máng Guǒ) stem bark is reputedly used for the treatment of fever, jaundice and liver disorders. The present study, therefore, investigates the protective effects and mechanism(s) of chemopreventive and curative effects of 125–500 mg/kg/day of Mangifera indica aqueous stem bark extract (MIASE) in acute CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Rats were treated intragastrically with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of MIASE for 7 days before and after the administration of CCl4 (3 ml/kg of 20% CCl4, i.p.). The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were estimated. In addition, hepatic tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, catalase (CAT), superoxide (SOD) activities in the hepatic homogenate, and histopathological changes in the rat liver sections were determined. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds in MIASE was also conducted. Results showed that oral treatment with 125–500 mg/kg/day of MIASE significantly attenuated the increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, FBG, TB, CB and LDL-c levels in acute liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Findings also revealed significant elevations in the serum TC, TG, HDL-c, TP and ALB levels. There was marked architectural remodeling in the hepatic lesions of hepatocyte vacuolation and centrilobular necrosis induced by CCl4 treatment, coupled with significant weight loss. MIASE also markedly enhanced SOD and CAT activities while reducing MAD formation; and increased GSH concentration in the hepatic homogenate compared with untreated CCl4-intoxicated group, with more protection offered in the curative than the chemopreventive models of CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Thus, these results indicate that MIASE has a profound protective effect against acute CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which may be due to its free radicals scavenging effect, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and its ability to increase antioxidant activity.

Bilirubin Lowering Potential of Aqueous Carica Papaya Extract in Induced Jaundice in Rats

“…ALT, ALP and ALB levels also rose beyond the normal values but the levels were restored to near normal by ACP (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) extract, this is in agreement with an earlier study performed by Rajkapoor et al [26] where it was demonstrated that the dried fruit extract of ACP was able to reduce elevated LDH, ALP, ALT, ALB levels in animals that were treated with CCl 4. Furthermore, another study conducted by Adeneye et al [27], also demonstrated that the seed extract of ACP prevents CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In the prophylactic with reduced liver capacity group biochemical parameters showed (see Table 3) that PHZ induced significant increases in LDH, ALT, ALP and ALB levels much greater than that seen in the curative and prophylactic group mainly because the hepatotoxin CCl 4 was administered in addition to PHZ in all animals of this group.…”

Modification of pathogenic microbiota and histology of gastrointestinal tract of Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) by Carica papaya seed meal

“…Adeneye et al (2009) reported hepatoprotective activities of aqueous extract of C. papaya seed in Wistar rats orally fed. Compared to the negative control that received carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) without C. papaya seed extract that had severely congested hepatic central vein, improvement were noticed in terms of moderate to mild decongesting of this vein in those treated with concentrations of C. papaya in duration dependent manner (Adeneye et al, 2009). Also, aqueous extract of C. papaya was observed to ameliorate the effect of paracetamol induced neprotoxicity in rats (Naggayi et al, 2015).…”

“…In another contest not related to fertility, Adeneye et al (2009) and Naggayi et al (2015) reported hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities respectively of aqueous C. papaya seed extracts. These observations were contradicted by studies made by Dikibo et al (2012) and Paul and Ligha (2015) where hepatotoxicity was associated with ethanolic and hydromethanolic C. papaya seed extracts respectively.…”

Carica Papaya- A Herbal Medicine

“…The aqueous seed extract of the unripe mature fruit of Carica papaya has been shown to have nephron protective activity (Adeneye, et al, 2009, Olagunju, et al, 2009). The Papaya fruits are used as topical ulcer dressings in Jamaica (Hewitt, et al, 2002, Adigwe, et al, 2012.…”