Modulatory Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Other Periodontal Pathobionts

Sharaf, Sara; Hijazi, Karolin

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010015

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Moreover, it's widely acknowledged that bacterial virulence is heavily influenced by ecological conditions and can be significantly altered within biofilms. For instance, the growth and virulence of various strains of P. gingivalis are contingent upon factors such as temperature, pH, and iron availability ( 90 – 92 ). While ecological conditions in the subgingival pocket may drive the selection of specific T. forsythia strains, data in this regard are limited.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intriguing strategies of Tannerella forsythia's host interaction

Schäffer,

Andrukhov

2024

Front. Oral. Health

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Tannerella forsythia, a member of the “red complex” bacteria implicated in severe periodontitis, employs various survival strategies and virulence factors to interact with the host. It thrives as a late colonizer in the oral biofilm, relying on its unique adaptation mechanisms for persistence. Essential to its survival are the type 9 protein secretion system and O-glycosylation of proteins, crucial for host interaction and immune evasion. Virulence factors of T. forsythia, including sialidase and proteases, facilitate its pathogenicity by degrading host glycoproteins and proteins, respectively. Moreover, cell surface glycoproteins like the S-layer and BspA modulate host responses and bacterial adherence, influencing colonization and tissue invasion. Outer membrane vesicles and lipopolysaccharides further induce inflammatory responses, contributing to periodontal tissue destruction. Interactions with specific host cell types, including epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes macrophages, and mesenchymal stromal cells, highlight the multifaceted nature of T. forsythia's pathogenicity. Notably, it can invade epithelial cells and impair PMN function, promoting dysregulated inflammation and bacterial survival. Comparative studies with periodontitis-associated Porphyromonas gingivalis reveal differences in protease activity and immune modulation, suggesting distinct roles in disease progression. T. forsythia's potential to influence oral antimicrobial defense through protease-mediated degradation and interactions with other bacteria underscores its significance in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, understanding T. forsythia's precise role in host-microbiome interactions and its classification as a keystone pathogen requires further investigation. Challenges in translating research data stem from the complexity of the oral microbiome and biofilm dynamics, necessitating comprehensive studies to elucidate its clinical relevance and therapeutic implications in periodontitis management.

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Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intriguing strategies of Tannerella forsythia's host interaction

Schäffer,

Andrukhov

2024

Front. Oral. Health

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“…Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed by using a Bio-Rad CFX96 thermocycler (Bio-Rad, USA) and an iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, USA). Gene-specific primers associated with pathogenicity and biofilm formation were used, including fimA , porP , and oxyR (Thermo Fisher Scientific) (SI-5). 16s rRNA was used as the housekeeping gene .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Injectable Piezoelectric Hydrogel for Periodontal Disease Treatment

Roldan,

Montoya,

Solanki

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Periodontal disease is a multifactorial, bacterially induced inflammatory condition characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The successful nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis requires multifunctional technologies offering antibacterial therapies and promotion of bone regeneration simultaneously. For the first time, in this study, an injectable piezoelectric hydrogel (PiezoGEL) was developed after combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with biocompatible piezoelectric fillers of barium titanate (BTO) that produce electrical charges when stimulated by biomechanical vibrations (e.g., mastication, movements). We harnessed the benefits of hydrogels (injectable, light curable, conforms to pocket spaces, biocompatible) with the bioactive effects of piezoelectric charges. A thorough biomaterial characterization confirmed piezoelectric fillers' successful integration with the hydrogel, photopolymerizability, injectability for clinical use, and electrical charge generation to enable bioactive effects (antibacterial and bone tissue regeneration). PiezoGEL showed significant reductions in pathogenic biofilm biomass (∼41%), metabolic activity (∼75%), and the number of viable cells (∼2−3 log) compared to hydrogels without BTO fillers in vitro. Molecular analysis related the antibacterial effects to be associated with reduced cell adhesion (downregulation of porP and f imA) and increased oxidative stress (upregulation of oxyR) genes. Moreover, PiezoGEL significantly enhanced bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation by upregulating RUNX2, COL1A1, and ALP. In vivo, PiezoGEL effectively reduced periodontal inflammation and increased bone tissue regeneration compared to control groups in a mice model. Findings from this study suggest PiezoGEL to be a promising and novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease nonsurgically.

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“…13,14 For example, P. gingivalis can modulate bacterial virulence and pathogenicity through mechanisms such as lysine acetylation, glycosylation, horizontal gene transfer and genetic rearrangements. 15 Monitoring the growth and proliferation of these pathogens can provide information about the staging and grading of periodontitis, which is the basis of effective treatment.…”

Section: Materials Horizonsmentioning

confidence: 99%