Modulatory Effects of Breed, Feeding Status, and Diet on Adipogenic, Lipogenic, and Lipolytic Gene Expression in Growing Iberian and Duroc Pigs

Benítez, Rita; Fernández, Almudena; Isabel, B.; Núñez, Yolanda; Mercado, E. de; Gómez-Izquierdo, E.; García‐Casco, Juan; López‐Bote, C. J.; Óvilo, Cristina

doi:10.3390/ijms19010022

Cited by 34 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…LEP targets peripheral tissues favouring FA catabolism over lipogenesis and it has been suggested that leptin can regulate adipose tissue metabolism by autocrine signalling [67]. As in other studies with the Iberian pig breed [52,68,69], genetically similar to AL, compared to the leaner Duroc and Landrace breeds, LEP gene was found significantly overexpressed in the AL pig (log2 FC = 1.376, q < 0.05). This is in agreement with its recognized fatter phenotype and, very similar to the IB breed, suggesting the development of leptin resistance [27,52].…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysis: Deseq2supporting

confidence: 50%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Local Pig Breeds

Albuquerque

Óvilo

Núñez

et al. 2020

Genes

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When compared to modern lean-type breeds, Portuguese local Alentejano (AL) and Bísaro (BI) pig breeds present a high potential for subcutaneous and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition which contributes for better meat quality. The aim of this work was to explore the genome function to better understand the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with body fat accretion. Dorsal subcutaneous fat samples were collected at slaughter from adult animals (n = 4 for each breed) with~150 kg body weight. Total RNA was obtained and sequenced for transcriptome analysis using DESeq2. A total of 458 differentially expressed (DE) genes (q-value < 0.05) were identified, with 263 overexpressed in AL and 195 in BI. Key genes involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation and desaturation were upregulated in AL such as ACLY, FASN, ME1, ELOVL6 and SCD. A functional enrichment analysis of the DE genes was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Cholesterol synthesis is suggested to be higher in AL via SREBF2, SCAP and PPARG, while lipolytic activity may be more active in BI through GH and AMPK signalling. Increased signalling of CD40 together with the predicted activation of INSIG1 and INSIG2 in BI suggests that this breed is more sensitive to insulin whereas the AL is less sensitive like the Iberian breed.Genes 2020, 11, 422 2 of 20 inherent genetic value for biodiversity, local breeds are used to produce high quality dry-cured meat products, representing an important role in local economies, culture and landscape as the basics of sustainable local pork chains [2,4].Alentejano (AL) and Bísaro (BI) are the two main Portuguese pig breeds. AL evolved from the primitive Sus scrofa mediterraneus, belongs to the Mediterranean group of breeds [5] and is genetically similar to the Iberian (IB) pig [6]. This breed is commonly raised in the south of Portugal and generally characterized by its light bone structure, black color, short and slim extremities and energetic nature [7]. A medium-sized pig, the AL grows at a low rate (except under the finishing phase "montanheira") and presents a low prolificacy [8]. On the other hand, its high and early adipogenic activity provides a meat and fat composition that is attractive for both fresh meat market and for processing high-grade sausage and dry cured products [9,10]. Traditionally, the AL pig is raised under extensive conditions in an integrated pastoral system ("montado") and during the fattening season is fed with acorns from the existing Quercus forests from October to February [5,7]. BI breed belongs to the Celtic group [5], sharing ancestors with highly productive breeds such as Large-White and Landrace. Production of BI is distributed throughout the north of Portugal, from the Tagus River to the northern border with Spain. It is characterized by its docile temperament, presenting a large body with large legs, head and shoulders. BI pig presents a higher prolificacy and productivity than AL, though lower than other genotypes with similar origins but raised under intensive ...

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Section: Gene Expression Analysis: Deseq2supporting

confidence: 50%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Local Pig Breeds

Albuquerque

Óvilo

Núñez

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Likewise, the ME1 gene has been implicated in PUFA biosynthesis [136][137][138]. Furthermore, in animal models, the ME1 gene expression is strongly regulated by the dietary fat content [125,139]. Fat content of the low or high adherence group (high adherence characterized by a high fish intake, nuts, olive oil, and a low intake of red meat and other products rich in SFA) may modulate the effects of the ME1 polymorphisms on serum omega-3 PUFA (as well as on the omega-6/omega-3 ratio), contributing to explain the statistical signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the FADS cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174550, p = 5.35 × 10−14; FADS2-rs1535, p = 5.85 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174546, p = 6.72 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174546, p = 9.75 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174576, p = 1.17 × 10−13; FADS2-rs174577, p = 1.12 × 10−12, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, p = 1.49 × 10−12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, p = 2.43 × 10−12; FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, p = 1.96 × 10−11). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965 p = 1.36 × 10−8. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the ME1 (malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10−7). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 and ELOVL (fatty acid elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the FADS cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA.

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“…Differences in lipogenic enzyme activity between lean and fatty pig breeds during the fattening period have been pointed out by several authors [ 51 , 52 ], which lead to a more intense lipid metabolism [ 15 ] and greater capacity for tissue lipid synthesis in fatty pigs, such as Iberian pigs, as compared to conventional pigs [ 53 ]. The effect of animal tissue, muscle, and adipose tissue on lipogenic enzyme activity is also well known [ 13 , 23 ], which would suggest different regulatory lipid metabolism mechanisms for subcutaneous and intramuscular fat [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Range and Low-Protein Concentrated Diets in Iberian Pigs: Effect on Plasma Insulin and Leptin Concentration, Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue

Tejeda

Hernández-Matamoros

González

2020

Animals

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diets with different protein contents on carcass traits, plasma hormone concentration, lipogenic enzyme activities, and fatty acid (FA) composition in the adipose tissue of Iberian pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Iberian pigs (eight per feeding diet) were fed under free-range conditions with acorns and grass (FR), and in confinement with concentrated diets with standard (SP) and low-protein contents (LP) from 116.0 to 174.2 kg live weight. Backfat thickness was not affected by diet. The plasma leptin concentration was higher (p < 0.001) in the FR group than in the LP and SP groups, while insulin concentration was higher in the SP group than in the LP and FR groups. The lipogenic enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were lower in the FR group compared to the LP and SP pigs. The activities of these enzymes were adipose-tissue-specific. No differences were found in FA composition of adipose tissue between the SP and LP groups, while the FR pigs had lower proportions of saturated FA and higher proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA than the SP and LP pigs. In conclusion, feeding low-protein diets in Iberian pigs does not seem to affect adipose carcass traits, strengthening previous findings that indicate that this is a good strategy to improve meat and dry-cured product quality.

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Modulatory Effects of Breed, Feeding Status, and Diet on Adipogenic, Lipogenic, and Lipolytic Gene Expression in Growing Iberian and Duroc Pigs

Cited by 34 publications

References 63 publications

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Local Pig Breeds

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Local Pig Breeds

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Free-Range and Low-Protein Concentrated Diets in Iberian Pigs: Effect on Plasma Insulin and Leptin Concentration, Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue

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