Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Schache, Anthony G.; Brown, Nicholas; Pandy, Marcus G.

doi:10.1242/jeb.119156

Cited by 80 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Joint work and power have been studied to help understand energy generation and absorption at joints during locomotion in many species (Ae et al, 1987; Belli et al, 2002; Farris and Sawicki, 2012; McGowan et al, 2005; Rubenson and Marsh, 2009; Rubenson et al, 2011; Schache et al, 2011, 2015). Several studies have investigated changes in human lower-extremity joint work and power as steady running speed increases (Ae et al, 1987; Belli et al, 2002; Schache et al, 2011, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of swing leg work and power during human accelerated sprinting

et al. 2017

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This study investigated changes in lower-extremity joint work and power during the swing phase in a maximal accelerated sprinting. Twelve male sprinters performed 60 m maximal sprints while motion data was recorded. Lower-extremity joint work and power during the swing phase of each stride for both legs were calculated. Positive hip and negative knee work (≈4.3 and ≈−2.9 J kg−1) and mean power (≈13.4 and ≈−8.7 W kg−1) during the entire swing phase stabilized or decreased after the 26.2±1.1 (9.69±0.25 m s−1) or 34.3±1.5 m mark (9.97±0.26 m s−1) during the acceleration phase. In contrast, the hip negative work and mean power during the early swing phase (≈7-fold and ≈3.7-fold increase in total), as well as the knee negative work and power during the terminal swing phase (≈1.85-fold and ≈2-fold increase in total), increased until maximal speed. Moreover, only the magnitudes of increases in negative work and mean power at hip and knee joints during the swing phase were positively associated with the increment of running speed from the middle of acceleration phase. These findings indicate that the roles of energy generation and absorption at the hip and knee joints shift around the middle of the acceleration phase as energy generation and absorption at the hip during the late swing phase and at the knee during early swing phase are generally maintained or decreased, and negative work and power at hip during the early swing phase and at knee during the terminal swing phase may be responsible for increasing running speed when approaching maximal speed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of swing leg work and power during human accelerated sprinting

et al. 2017

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“…Across a threefold increase in load (4-12 kg), elbow and shoulder joints exhibited parallel increases in work and power by ∼75% and 150%, respectively. Curiously, this behavior is also observed during steady, level terrestrial locomotion (Farris and Sawicki, 2012b;Schache et al, 2015), the net mechanical work requirement of which is, however, negligible. Our results therefore suggest a transversal motor strategy of power modulation across physical environments, limbs and tasks, regardless of whether or not they demand net positive work.…”

Section: Discussion Upper Limb Joint Work and Power Distributionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Our results therefore suggest a transversal motor strategy of power modulation across physical environments, limbs and tasks, regardless of whether or not they demand net positive work. Previous findings of proximal redistribution of work and power output that occurred when accelerating (Qiao and Jindrich, 2016), sprinting (Schache et al, 2015) and incline running (Roberts and Belliveau, 2005) might thus have been confounded by postural constraints altering muscle effective mechanical advantage, rather than reflecting an actual neuromuscular response. This is further exemplified by the work of Farris and Sawicki (2012a) on the distribution of lower limb joint work during hopping across various frequencies.…”

Section: Discussion Upper Limb Joint Work and Power Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the way in which this challenge is accomplished in water remains obscure, on land, it is relatively well understood. During level walking and running up to ∼7 m s -1 , demands for increased positive work per stride are achieved by increasing in parallel the work done by all lower limb muscle groups (Farris and Sawicki, 2012b;Schache et al, 2015). By contrast, sprinting, accelerating and incline running necessitate a different control strategy, as they involve a redistribution of work and power output proximally to the hip (Qiao and Jindrich, 2016;Roberts and Belliveau, 2005;Schache et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During level walking and running up to ∼7 m s -1 , demands for increased positive work per stride are achieved by increasing in parallel the work done by all lower limb muscle groups (Farris and Sawicki, 2012b;Schache et al, 2015). By contrast, sprinting, accelerating and incline running necessitate a different control strategy, as they involve a redistribution of work and power output proximally to the hip (Qiao and Jindrich, 2016;Roberts and Belliveau, 2005;Schache et al, 2015). However, unlike level steady-speed locomotion, these tasks have the peculiarity that they are associated with a net positive work requirement and/or a change in limb posture that requires the hip muscles to do greater work (Roberts and Belliveau, 2005); hence the suggestion that task net work requirement might be an important indicator of how humans meet overall mechanical demands (Farris and Sawicki, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of upper limb joint work and power during sculling while ballasted with varying loads

Lauer

Rouard

Vilas-Boas

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The human musculoskeletal system must modulate work and power output in response to substantial alterations in mechanical demands associated with different tasks. In particular, in water, upper limb muscles must perform net positive work to replace the energy lost against the dissipative fluid load. Where in the upper limb are work and power developed? Is mechanical output modulated similarly at all joints, or are certain muscle groups favored? This study examined, for the first time, how work and power per stroke are distributed at the upper limb joints in seven male participants sculling while ballasted with 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 kg. Upper limb kinematics was captured and used to animate body virtual geometry. Net wrist, elbow and shoulder joint work and power were subsequently computed through a novel approach integrating unsteady numerical fluid flow simulations and inverse dynamics modeling. Across a threefold increase in load, total work and power significantly increased from 0.38±0.09 to 0.67±0.13 J kg -1 , and 0.47±0.06 to 1.14±0.16 W kg, respectively. Shoulder and elbow equally supplied >97% of the upper limb total work and power, coherent with the proximo-distal gradient of work performance in the limbs of terrestrial animals. Individual joint relative contributions remained constant, as observed on land during tasks necessitating no net work. The apportionment of higher work and power simultaneously at all joints in water suggests a general motor strategy of power modulation consistent across physical environments, limbs and tasks, regardless of whether or not they demand positive net work.

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Changes in muscle coordination patterns during 400‐m sprint: Impact of fatigue and performance decline

Kakehata,

Saito,

Takei

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle synergies extracted from 14 unilateral lower‐limb and trunk muscles between the first and final parts of a 400‐m sprint in experienced sprinters to understand neuromuscular coordination of multiple muscles in the fatigued condition sprint. Nine male 400‐m sprinters (400‐m personal record: 48.11 ± 1.6 s) performed 400‐m sprints as with the real competition strategy. We defined the first part (100–150 m section) and the final part (350–400 m section), and obtained mean spatiotemporal variables (e.g., running speed, step frequency, and step length) for both parts. Electromyography (EMG) signals were obtained using wireless EMG sensors (2000 Hz) from 14 lower‐limb and trunk muscles. Non‐negative matrix factorization was performed to extract the muscle synergies for both parts. We observed significantly declined spatiotemporal variables in the final part induced by fatigue. The extracted number of synergies was 7.0 ± 0.7 (mean ± SD) for the first part and 7.2 ± 0.4 for the final part with no significant differences between parts. However, we identified specific muscle synergy, and alterations in the individual muscle weightings of several hip muscles (rectus femoris: RF, tensor fasciae latae: TFL, and glutes maximus: Gmax muscles) while there was no change in the muscle weighting of shank muscles and the temporal patterns of all muscles even following fatigue in the 400‐m sprint. Fatigue‐induced performance decline in a 400‐m sprint corresponds to alterations in muscle synergies, particularly in hip muscles, with notable shifts in RF, TFL, and Gmax activation.

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Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Cited by 80 publications

References 42 publications

Alteration of swing leg work and power during human accelerated sprinting

Alteration of swing leg work and power during human accelerated sprinting

Modulation of upper limb joint work and power during sculling while ballasted with varying loads

Changes in muscle coordination patterns during 400‐m sprint: Impact of fatigue and performance decline

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