Abstract:Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels act as sensors of pain, temperature, and other external stimuli. We have recently shown that DPV576, an aqueous mixture of nanodiamond (ND) and nanoplatinum (NP), can modulate the activity of TRPV on human primary keratinocytes, suggesting their potential as a possible pain modulator [1]. CD4+ T lymphocytes also express TRPV channels, and we sought with special interest to examine the effect of DPV576 in modulating the functions of TRPV channel expression … Show more
“…Studies have demonstrated the capacity of NDs to elicit highly specific immune responses by affixing different antibodies and small molecules to their surface (Suarez-Kelly et al, 2021;Paladhi et al, 2022). A few of the many examples include enhanced proliferation of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells (Ghoneum et al, 2014), B-lymphocytes (Huang et al, 2017;Suarez-Kelly et al, 2017), macrophages (Pentecost et al, 2019), and neutrophils (Chang et al, 2003).…”
Section: Nanodiamonds and Immunogenicitymentioning
The application of laser-synthesized nanodiamonds (LNDs) is of great interest to biomedical researchers and drug developers because this emerging method of synthesis yields nanodiamonds of consistent size (<5 nm diameter) and surface chemistry that can be functionalized to perform a staggering range of highly specialized tasks. The present study assessed the threshold at which LNDs in various conjugations and concentrations triggered immune responses and cytotoxicity in peripheral mononuclear blood cells from healthy donors, as assessed by changes in ATP concentrations and induced secretion of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α. Conjugations assessed were raw (unconjugated) NDs, PEGylated (PEG5k-NDs), and antibody conjugated to goat anti-mouse antibodies (IgG-NDs). Concentrations of each conjugation were prepared and tested at 50.0, 10.0, 2.0, 0.4, and 0.08 μg/mL. Results showed that pegylated and raw NDs were well tolerated, with the indicators of inflammation or minimal cytotoxicity emerging only at the highest concentrations tested (50.0 μg/mL). IgG-NDs showed signs of inflammatory responses at the two highest concentrations tested (10.0 and 50.0 μg/mL). There was some evidence that the dilutant vehicle used for ND suspension may have contributed to the immune response. All three ND configurations increased ATP concentration in a dose-dependent manner, up to a concentration of 10.0 μg/mL. At the highest concentration (50.0 μg/mL), the ND solutions showed minimal signs of cytotoxicity. Conclusion from this testing suggest that LNDs are likely to offer substantial utility in biomedical applications because of their capacity to evade the immune response at concentrations at least as high as 2.0 μg/mL and potentially up to 50.0 μg/mL.
“…Studies have demonstrated the capacity of NDs to elicit highly specific immune responses by affixing different antibodies and small molecules to their surface (Suarez-Kelly et al, 2021;Paladhi et al, 2022). A few of the many examples include enhanced proliferation of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells (Ghoneum et al, 2014), B-lymphocytes (Huang et al, 2017;Suarez-Kelly et al, 2017), macrophages (Pentecost et al, 2019), and neutrophils (Chang et al, 2003).…”
Section: Nanodiamonds and Immunogenicitymentioning
The application of laser-synthesized nanodiamonds (LNDs) is of great interest to biomedical researchers and drug developers because this emerging method of synthesis yields nanodiamonds of consistent size (<5 nm diameter) and surface chemistry that can be functionalized to perform a staggering range of highly specialized tasks. The present study assessed the threshold at which LNDs in various conjugations and concentrations triggered immune responses and cytotoxicity in peripheral mononuclear blood cells from healthy donors, as assessed by changes in ATP concentrations and induced secretion of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α. Conjugations assessed were raw (unconjugated) NDs, PEGylated (PEG5k-NDs), and antibody conjugated to goat anti-mouse antibodies (IgG-NDs). Concentrations of each conjugation were prepared and tested at 50.0, 10.0, 2.0, 0.4, and 0.08 μg/mL. Results showed that pegylated and raw NDs were well tolerated, with the indicators of inflammation or minimal cytotoxicity emerging only at the highest concentrations tested (50.0 μg/mL). IgG-NDs showed signs of inflammatory responses at the two highest concentrations tested (10.0 and 50.0 μg/mL). There was some evidence that the dilutant vehicle used for ND suspension may have contributed to the immune response. All three ND configurations increased ATP concentration in a dose-dependent manner, up to a concentration of 10.0 μg/mL. At the highest concentration (50.0 μg/mL), the ND solutions showed minimal signs of cytotoxicity. Conclusion from this testing suggest that LNDs are likely to offer substantial utility in biomedical applications because of their capacity to evade the immune response at concentrations at least as high as 2.0 μg/mL and potentially up to 50.0 μg/mL.
“…Moreover, Ti02 nanoparticles were able to induce DC maturation and produce inflammatory cytokines . In addition, nanodiamond and nanoplatinum liquid can induce DC maturation . Thus, many NPs can influence DC maturation and induction of immune responses but the extent of which, their mechanisms, and whether all NPs can signal through TLR receptors needs further investigation.…”
Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning
The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800109.The design of effective cancer vaccines must be able to activate dendritic cells (DCs) of the innate immune system in order to induce immunity to pathogens and cancer. DCs patrol the body and once they encounter antigens, they orchestrate a complex mechanism of events and signals that can alert the adaptive immune system to action. However, DC-based vaccines remain a challenge in part because the source and quality of antigens, the DC targeting molecule, type of adjuvant, and delivery vehicle must be optimized to induce a robust immune response. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have now entered clinical trials as carriers due to their ease of functionalization with antigens, adjuvants, and targeting molecules. This progress report discusses how AuNPs can influence DC activation and maturation, as well as their potential impact on T helper (Th) differentiation. Ultimately, successful AuNP-based DC vaccines are able to induce phagocytosis, activation/maturation, migration, T cell costimulation, and cytokine secretion, which is named AuNP-induced DC tuning (AuNP-DC tuning). Although at its infancy, understanding the processes of AuNP-DC tuning will give a better understanding of how best to engineer AuNPs and will redefine the next generation of DC-based vaccines.
“…From one side, the fabric itself hosts the bacteria acting as a medium between the human organism and the microorganisms; on the other hand, it is regarded as a well assessed tool for drug delivery in contact of skin for external applications [24][25][26]. Therefore wide market sectors push textile industries to concentrate more on antibacterial fabrics manufacturing to improve fabrics quality and product sales.…”
Phenothiazine derivatives are non-antibiotics with antimicrobial, fungistatic and fungicidal effects. We exposed to a high energy UV laser beam phenothiazines solutions in water at 20mg/mL concentration to increase antibacterial activity of resulting mixtures. Compared to previous results obtained on bacteria, more research is needed about UV laser irradiated phenothiazines applications on cancer cell cultures to evidence possible anticancerous properties. Evaluation of the safety of the newly obtained photoproducts in view of use on humans is also needed. Due to expensive animal testing in toxicology and pressure from general public and governments to develop alternatives to in vivo testing, in vitro cell-based models are attractive for preliminary testing of new materials. Cytotoxicity screening reported here shows that laser irradiated (4h exposure time length) chlorpromazine and promazine are more efficient against some cell cultures. Interaction of laser irradiated phenothiazines with fabrics show that promethazine and chlorpromazine have improved wetting properties. Correlation of these two groups of properties shows that chlorpromazine appears to be more recommended for applications on tissues using fabrics as transport vectors. The reported results concern stability study of phenothiazines water solutions to know the time limits within which they are stable and may be used.
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