Abstract:Smart hydrogels hold much potential for biocatalysis, not only for the immobilization of enzymes, but also for the control of enzyme activity. We investigated upper critical solution temperature‐type poly N‐acryloyl glycinamide (pNAGA) hydrogels as a smart matrix for the amine transaminase from Bacillus megaterium (BmTA). Physical entrapment of BmTA in pNAGA hydrogels results in high immobilization efficiency (>89 %) and high activity (97 %). The temperature‐sensitiveness of pNAGA is preserved upon immobilizat… Show more
“…Recently, Claaßen et al described a temperature-dependent poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogel that could regulate the enzymatic activity of immobilized Bacillus megaterium transaminase (BmTA) (Figure 7A). [54] As shown in Figures 7B and 7C, in the case of pNAGA-BmTA encaps-20 (20 μg protein per mg gel dry weight), the enzyme activity was similar to that of the free enzyme at 35 °C. In contrast, at 20 °C, the free enzyme activity was much higher than that of the pNAGA-BmTA encaps-20 group, indicating that the shrinkage of the hydrogel reduced enzyme activity.…”
Section: Heatmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…Recently, Claaßen et al. described a temperature‐dependent poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogel that could regulate the enzymatic activity of immobilized Bacillus megaterium transaminase (BmTA) (Figure 7A) [54] . As shown in Figures 7B and 7C, in the case of pNAGA‐BmTA encaps‐20 (20 μg protein per mg gel dry weight), the enzyme activity was similar to that of the free enzyme at 35 °C.…”
Section: Current Approaches To Regulate Enzyme Activity For Biomedica...mentioning
Enzymes are important macromolecular biocatalysts that accelerate chemical and biochemical reactions in living organisms. Most human diseases are related to alterations in enzyme activity. Moreover, enzymes are potential therapeutic tools for treating different diseases, such as cancer, infections, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Precise remote enzyme activity regulation provides new opportunities to combat diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of enzyme activity regulation, including reversible and irreversible regulation. It also discusses the mechanisms and approaches for on‐demand control of these activities. Furthermore, a range of stimulus‐responsive inhibitors, polymers, and nanoparticles for regulating enzyme activity and their prospective biomedical applications are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on enzyme activity regulation are discussed.
“…Recently, Claaßen et al described a temperature-dependent poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogel that could regulate the enzymatic activity of immobilized Bacillus megaterium transaminase (BmTA) (Figure 7A). [54] As shown in Figures 7B and 7C, in the case of pNAGA-BmTA encaps-20 (20 μg protein per mg gel dry weight), the enzyme activity was similar to that of the free enzyme at 35 °C. In contrast, at 20 °C, the free enzyme activity was much higher than that of the pNAGA-BmTA encaps-20 group, indicating that the shrinkage of the hydrogel reduced enzyme activity.…”
Section: Heatmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…Recently, Claaßen et al. described a temperature‐dependent poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogel that could regulate the enzymatic activity of immobilized Bacillus megaterium transaminase (BmTA) (Figure 7A) [54] . As shown in Figures 7B and 7C, in the case of pNAGA‐BmTA encaps‐20 (20 μg protein per mg gel dry weight), the enzyme activity was similar to that of the free enzyme at 35 °C.…”
Section: Current Approaches To Regulate Enzyme Activity For Biomedica...mentioning
Enzymes are important macromolecular biocatalysts that accelerate chemical and biochemical reactions in living organisms. Most human diseases are related to alterations in enzyme activity. Moreover, enzymes are potential therapeutic tools for treating different diseases, such as cancer, infections, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Precise remote enzyme activity regulation provides new opportunities to combat diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of enzyme activity regulation, including reversible and irreversible regulation. It also discusses the mechanisms and approaches for on‐demand control of these activities. Furthermore, a range of stimulus‐responsive inhibitors, polymers, and nanoparticles for regulating enzyme activity and their prospective biomedical applications are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on enzyme activity regulation are discussed.
“…UCST polymers can be designed from motifs with multiple Hdonors and H-acceptors. PNAGA [41,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and poly(ornithine-cocitrulline) [37,53] are two typical systems in this category. These polymers can form multiple H-bonds between the pendant groups, strengthening the interaction of polymer chains and leading to a UCST behavior (Figure 2c).…”
Section: Synergy Of Multiple H-bonding Sitesmentioning
This review summarizes recent progress in the synergistic design strategy for thermoresponsive polymers possessing an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in aqueous systems. To achieve precise control of the responsive behavior of the UCST polymers, their molecular design can benefit from a synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding with other interactions or modification of the chemical structures. The combination of UCST behavior with other stimuli‐responsive properties of the polymers may yield new functional materials with potential applications such as sensors, actuators, and controlled release devices. The advances in this area provide insight or inspiration into the understanding and design of functional UCST polymers for a wide range of applications.
“…Kappauf et al studied UCST-type poly (N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogels as a smart matrix for the Bacillus megaterium amine transaminase (BmTA). 13 The temperaturesensitiveness of pNAGA is preserved upon immobilization of BmTA. Limadinata et al immobilized cellulase and cellobiase onto polymeric nanoparticles showing a UCST.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A UCST-responsive polymer as an immobilization carrier is soluble at a temperature higher than UCST to give high catalytic activity of enzymes and becomes insoluble by decreasing the temperature below UCST to achieve separation easily, which can effectively replace the LCST-responsive polymer and solve the problems existing in immobilized enzymes with LCST-responsive polymer carriers. Kappauf et al studied UCST-type poly ( N -acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) hydrogels as a smart matrix for the Bacillus megaterium amine transaminase (BmTA) . The temperature-sensitiveness of pNAGA is preserved upon immobilization of BmTA.…”
The development of a suitable immobilization strategy
to improve
the performance of immobilized glucose isomerase for the isomerization
of glucose to fructose is crucial to promoting the industrial production
of high-fructose syrup. In this work, a novel recyclable upper critical
solution temperature (UCST)-type mVBA-b-P(AAm-co-AN)@glucose isomerase biocatalyst (PVAA@GI) was prepared,
and the immobilized glucose isomerase could capture the glucose substrate
through the affinity of 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid (4-VBA) and the
glucose substrate, which led to the enhanced substrate affinity and
catalytic efficiency of the PVAA@GI. The biocatalyst exhibited excellent
stability in pH, thermal, storage, and recycling compared to the free
enzyme. The mVBA-b-P(AAm-co-AN)@glucose
isomerase biocatalyst displayed reversibly soluble–insoluble
characteristics with temperature change, which was in the soluble
state during the enzyme reaction process but could be recovered in
an insoluble form by lowering the temperature after the reaction.
The highest fructose production rate reached 62.79%, which would have
potential application in the industrial production of high-fructose
syrup.
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