Intracellular Ca 2+ release through ryanodine receptor (RyR) and inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R) channels is supported by a complex network of additional proteins that are located in or near the Ca 2+ release sites. In this review, we focus, not on RyR/IP 3 R, but on other ion-channels that are known to be present in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) membranes. We review their putative physiological roles and the evidence suggesting that they may support the process of intracellular Ca 2+ release, either indirectly by manipulating ionic fluxes across the ER/SR membrane or by directly interacting with a Ca 2+ -release channel. These channels rarely receive scientific attention because of the general lack of information regarding their biochemical and/or electrophysiological characteristics makes it difficult to predict their physiological roles and their impact on SR Ca 2+ fluxes. We discuss the possible role of SR K + channels and, in parallel, detail the known biochemical and biophysical properties of the trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) proteins and their possible biological and pathophysiological roles in ER/SR Ca 2+ release. We summarise what is known regarding Cl − channels in the ER/SR and the non-selective cation channels or putative 'Ca 2+ leak channels' , including mitsugumin23 (MG23), pannexins, presenilins and the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are distributed across ER/SR membranes but which have not yet been fully characterised functionally.Since studying for his PhD at Kyoto University, Japan, Hiroshi Takeshima has been focusing on identifying new sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) components including the ryanodine receptor (RyR), junctophilin and TRIC proteins. He has developed many knockout mice models to shed light on the physiological roles of the various SR proteins. After his appointment as Professor at Kurume University and Tohuko University, his group moved to the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kyoto University where he is now based. Elisa Venturi investigated the single-channel properties of RyR and other cation channels in the SR to earn her PhD in 2011 from the University of Bristol. She is now a post-doctoral research assistant in the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford where she is purifying novel SR membrane proteins such as TRIC for subsequent structure-function studies. Rebecca Sitsapesan obtained her PhD at the University of Strathclyde and following an appointment as British Heart Foundation Basic Science Lecturer at Imperial College, London, she moved to Bristol University and then to the University of Oxford where she is currently Professor of Pharmacology. Her group investigates the biophysical properties of RyR and other ion channels present on intracellular organelles and that are involved in the process of intracellular Ca 2+ release, particularly in regard to cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.