Modulation of the Functional State of Mouse Neutrophils by Selenium Nanoparticles In Vivo

Abstract

This study aimed to discover the immunomodulatory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the functional state of neutrophils in vivo. Intraperitoneal injections of SeNPs (size 100 nm) 2.5 mg/kg/daily to BALB/c mice for a duration of 7–28 days led to the development of an inflammatory reaction, which was registered by a significant increase in the number of neutrophils released from the peritoneal cavity, as well as their activated state, without additional effects. At the same time, subcutaneous injections of the same SeNPs preparations at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg, on the contrary, modulated the functional state of neutrophils depending on the concentration and duration of SeNPs administration. With the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, biochemical methods, and PCR analysis, it was found that subcutaneous administration of SeNPs (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) to mice for a short period of time (7–14 days) leads to modification of important neutrophil functions (adhesion, the number of migrating cells into the peritoneal cell cavity, ROS production, and NET formation). The obtained results indicated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant effects of SeNPs in vivo during short-term administration, while the most pronounced immunomodulatory effects of SeNPs were observed with the introduction of a low concentration of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg). Increase in the administration time of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg) up to 28 days led to a decrease in the adhesive abilities of neutrophils and suppression of the expression of mRNA of adhesive molecules, as well as proteins involved in the generation of ROS, with the exception of NOX2; there was a tendency to suppress gene expression pro-inflammatory factors, which indicates the possible manifestation of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of SeNPs during their long-term administration. Changes in the expression of selenoproteins also had features depending on the concentration and duration of the administered SeNPs. Selenoprotein P, selenoprotein M, selenoprotein S, selenoprotein K, and selenoprotein T were the most sensitive to the introduction of SeNPs into the mouse organism, which indicates their participation in maintaining the functional status of neutrophils, and possibly mediated the immunomodulatory effect of SeNPs.

Functionalized and Nonfunctionalized Nanosystems for Mitochondrial Drug Delivery with Metallic Nanoparticles

“…Recently, the usage of selenium nanoparticles has been reported in the neurological abnormalities where neurons are destroyed by oxidative stress. The literature supports the understanding that functionalized and nonfunctionalized selenium nanoparticles proved a better alternative for managing oxidative stress [ 115 , 116 ]. Varlamova et al have developed a nanocomplex (100 nm) using selenium nanoparticles and taxifolin (a naturally occurring antioxidant) for the regulation of mitochondrial calcium dynamics.…”

Selenium Nanoparticles in Protecting the Brain from Stroke: Possible Signaling and Metabolic Mechanisms

“…Oxidative stress with depleted antioxidant systems of cells leads to the activation of cell death pathways, involving a branched signaling cascade. Selenium-containing agents have been shown to inhibit apoptosis through increased BCL-2 expression and decreased Bax levels [ 159 , 160 , 161 ]. The anti-apoptotic effect of using nanosized selenium particles was also aimed at suppressing the expression of caspase-3 through IκB-α degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation [ 162 , 163 ].…”

A Review of the Antibacterial, Fungicidal and Antiviral Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles

“…These nanoparticles have a fairly wide range of applications in the biomedical industry. For example, they can affect the activity of neutrophils: this immunomodulatory property of selenium nanoparticles can potentially be used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases associated with inflammation [46]. Moreover, selenium nanoparticles have a cytoprotective effect on the cells of the cerebral cortex under conditions of ischemia/reoxygenation [47].…”