Modulation of Sympathetic and Somatomotor Function by the Ventromedial Medulla

Nason, Malcolm W.; Mason, Peggy

doi:10.1152/jn.00089.2004

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…11, 12). Functional roles for VMM neurons in the control of thermogenesis, cardiovascular function, and nociception are well established (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). In addition, Mason (37) has provided evidence that neurons in this region play an important role in multimodal sensory processing, some of which is relevant to cardiovascular homeostasis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdissection of neural networks by conditional reporter expression from a Brainbow herpesvirus

Card

Kobiler

McCambridge

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Transneuronal transport of neurotropic viruses is widely used to define the organization of neural circuitry in the mature and developing nervous system. However, interconnectivity within complex circuits limits the ability of viral tracing to define connections specifically linked to a subpopulation of neurons within a network. Here we demonstrate a unique viral tracing technology that highlights connections to defined populations of neurons within a larger labeled network. This technology was accomplished by constructing a replication-competent strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV-263) that changes the profile of fluorescent reporter expression in the presence of Cre recombinase (Cre). The viral genome carries a Brainbow cassette that expresses a default red reporter in infected cells. However, in the presence of Cre, the red reporter gene is excised from the genome and expression of yellow or cyan reporters is enabled. We used PRV-263 in combination with a unique lentivirus vector that produces Cre expression in catecholamine neurons. Projection-specific infection of central circuits containing these Cre-expressing catecholamine neurons with PRV-263 resulted in Cre-mediated recombination of the PRV-263 genome and conditional expression of cyan/yellow reporters. Replication and transneuronal transport of recombined virus produced conditional reporter expression in neurons synaptically linked to the Cre-expressing catecholamine neurons. This unique technology highlights connections specific to phenotypically defined neurons within larger networks infected by retrograde transneuronal transport of virus from a defined projection target. The availability of other technologies that restrict Cre expression to defined populations of neurons indicates that this approach can be widely applied across functionally defined systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdissection of neural networks by conditional reporter expression from a Brainbow herpesvirus

Card

Kobiler

McCambridge

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Disinhibition of rMR neurons by antagonizing local GABA A receptors with bicuculline injection elicits BAT thermogenesis, shivering, cutaneous vasoconstriction and tachycardia (10,21,94,97,115). This physiological evidence suggests that thermoregulatory premotor neurons in the rMR are controlled by tonic GABAergic inputs.…”

Section: Efferent Pathways Mediating Command Signaling From the Poa Tmentioning

confidence: 91%

Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

Nakamura

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

433

412

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Nakamura K. Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1207-R1228, 2011. First published September 7, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2011.-Body temperature regulation is a fundamental homeostatic function that is governed by the central nervous system in homeothermic animals, including humans. The central thermoregulatory system also functions for host defense from invading pathogens by elevating body core temperature, a response known as fever. Thermoregulation and fever involve a variety of involuntary effector responses, and this review summarizes the current understandings of the central circuitry mechanisms that underlie nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, thermoregulatory cardiac regulation, heat-loss regulation through cutaneous vasomotion, and ACTH release. To defend thermal homeostasis from environmental thermal challenges, feedforward thermosensory information on environmental temperature sensed by skin thermoreceptors ascends through the spinal cord and lateral parabrachial nucleus to the preoptic area (POA). The POA also receives feedback signals from local thermosensitive neurons, as well as pyrogenic signals of prostaglandin E 2 produced in response to infection. These afferent signals are integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic neurons in the DMH and sympathetic and somatic premotor neurons in the rMR, which then drive spinal motor output mechanisms to elicit thermogenesis, tachycardia, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Warming signals enhance the descending inhibition from the POA to inhibit the motor outputs, resulting in cutaneous vasodilation and inhibited thermogenesis. This central thermoregulatory mechanism also functions for metabolic regulation and stress-induced hyperthermia.

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“…This serotonergic medullary nucleus is implicated in nociceptive and autonomic modulation (Mason, 2001;Nason and Mason, 2004). FOS-IR in the Rpa was relatively high in the awake state but was significantly reduced by systemic pentobarbital (IP group, p Ͻ 0.01) (Fig.…”

Section: Rpamentioning

confidence: 96%

Cerebral Activity during the Anesthesia-Like State Induced by Mesopontine Microinjection of Pentobarbital

Abulafia¹,

Zalkind²,

Devor³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Microinjection of pentobarbital into a restricted region of rat brainstem, the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA), induces a reversible anesthesia-like state characterized by loss of the righting reflex, atonia, antinociception, and loss of consciousness as assessed by electroencephalogram synchronization. We examined cerebral activity during this state using FOS expression as a marker. Animals were anesthetized for 50 min with a series of intracerebral microinjections of pentobarbital or with systemic pentobarbital and intracerebral microinjections of vehicle. FOS expression was compared with that in awake animals microinjected with vehicle. Neural activity was suppressed throughout the cortex whether anesthesia was induced by systemic or MPTA routes. Changes were less consistent subcortically. In the zona incerta and the nucleus raphe pallidus, expression was strongly suppressed during systemic anesthesia, but only mildly during MPTA-induced anesthesia. Dissociation was seen in the tuberomammillary nucleus where suppression occurred during systemic-induced anesthesia only, and in the lateral habenular nucleus where activity was markedly increased during systemicinduced anesthesia but not following intracerebral microinjection. Several subcortical nuclei previously associated with cerebral arousal werenotaffected.IntheMPTAitselfFOSexpressionwassuppressedduringsystemicanesthesia.Differencesinthepatternofbrainactivityinthe two modes of anesthesia are consistent with the possibility that anesthetic endpoints might be achieved by alternative mechanisms: direct drug action for systemic anesthesia or via ascending pathways for MPTA-induced anesthesia. However, it is also possible that systemically administered agents induce anesthesia, at least in part, by a primary action in the MPTA with cortical inhibition occurring secondarily.

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Modulation of Sympathetic and Somatomotor Function by the Ventromedial Medulla

Cited by 57 publications

References 100 publications

Microdissection of neural networks by conditional reporter expression from a Brainbow herpesvirus

Microdissection of neural networks by conditional reporter expression from a Brainbow herpesvirus

Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

Cerebral Activity during the Anesthesia-Like State Induced by Mesopontine Microinjection of Pentobarbital

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