Modulation of structural carbohydrates, phenol compounds and lignin content in Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings grown under boron, copper and zinc induced-deficiency

Masullo, Liamara Santos; Derisso, Vitória Duarte; Manarim, Gislene Roberta; Ferraz, Alexandre de Vicente; Rocha, José Henrique Tertulino; Avila, P.; Florentino, Antônio Leite; Aguiar, Cláudio Lima de; Lavres, José; Gonçalves, José Leonardo de Moraes

doi:10.1007/s11056-021-09859-w

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“…However, managers realized that B did not need to be proportionally increased along with nitrogen. When boron in irrigation water is sufficient, seedlings can be grown without boric acid fertilization (Hobbs 1944;Walker et al 1955;Marx et al 1984;Dumroese and Wenny 1997;Iyer et al 2002;Masullo et al 2021). Fertilizers with N/B ratios of 735 to 3,670 have been used to grow seedlings in containers (Brissette et al 1977;Landis et al 1989;Wilkinson et al 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review will focus on boron fertilization in nurseries and greenhouses and will include a few observations from tree plantations. Most citations involve conifers, since hardwood species rarely develop a boron deficiency in nurseries (Stone 1968;May et al 2009;Landis 2001). For example, pine seedlings may have needles with 6 μg g -1 B but hardwoods rarely have foliar values below 20 μg g -1 B and the average may be 36 μg g -1 B (Smith 1979).…”

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Use of boron in conifer and hardwood nurseries

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2021

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Nursery seedlings with visual boron (B) deficiencies are rare, especially for broadleaf species but they may have occurred in conifer nurseries in Florida, Oregon and the UK. Factors favoring a deficiency include high soil pH, high soil calcium and low soil moisture (i.e. withholding irrigation). Symptoms of a boron deficiency in pine include dead terminals, resin exudation from buds, dark green foliage, and terminal needles with less than 3 μg g-1 B. Chlorosis is an iron deficiency symptom but is not a boron deficiency symptom. At some nurseries (with more than 2% organic matter and more than 0.05 μg g-1 B in irrigation water), seedlings do not have a hidden hunger for B. As a result, there are no published trials that demonstrate a positive growth response from adding boron to managed nursery soils (when seedbed density is not reduced by boron). This review highlights some of the past and current uses of B in nurseries with a focus on deficiency and toxicity effects.

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