Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: Role of redox signaling

Ji, Li Li

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.031

Cited by 255 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…There are excellent reviews focusing on particular issues of exercise redox biology, including antioxidant supplementation (Gross et al, 2011;Powers et al, 2011a), skeletal muscle function (Reid, 2001;Powers and Jackson, 2008;Reid, 2008), intracellular signaling (Ji, 2008;Powers et al, 2011b) and muscle wasting (Pellegrino et al, 2011;Reid and Moylan, 2011). In addition, other reviews have been devoted to the analysis of the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the levels of oxidant biomarkers in blood and other tissues (Finaud et al, 2006;Bloomer, 2008;Nikolaidis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox biology of exercise: an integrative and comparative consideration of some overlooked issues

Nikolaidis

Kyparos

Spanou

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

124

152

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SummaryThe central aim of this review is to address the highly multidisciplinary topic of redox biology as related to exercise using an integrative and comparative approach rather than focusing on blood, skeletal muscle or humans. An attempt is also made to redefine ʻoxidative stressʼ as well as to introduce the term ʻalterations in redox homeostasisʼ to describe changes in redox homeostasis indicating oxidative stress, reductive stress or both. The literature analysis shows that the effects of non-muscledamaging exercise and muscle-damaging exercise on redox homeostasis are completely different. Non-muscle-damaging exercise induces alterations in redox homeostasis that last a few hours post exercise, whereas muscle-damaging exercise causes alterations in redox homeostasis that may persist for and/or appear several days post exercise. Both exhaustive maximal exercise lasting only 30s and isometric exercise lasting 1-3min (the latter activating in addition a small muscle mass) induce systemic oxidative stress. With the necessary modifications, exercise is capable of inducing redox homeostasis alterations in all fluids, cells, tissues and organs studied so far, irrespective of strains and species. More importantly, ʻexercise-induced oxidative stressʼ is not an ʻoddityʼ associated with a particular type of exercise, tissue or species. Rather, oxidative stress constitutes a ubiquitous fundamental biological response to the alteration of redox homeostasis imposed by exercise. The hormesis concept could provide an interpretative framework to reconcile differences that emerge among studies in the field of exercise redox biology. Integrative and comparative approaches can help determine the interactions of key redox responses at multiple levels of biological organization.Key words: antioxidant, biomarker, eccentric, free radical, training. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1616The ʻgoodʼ (antioxidants), the ʻbadʼ (reactive species) and the ʻuglyʼ (oxidative stress) 1 The distinction drawn in the section heading is schematically used to parody the popular manichaeistic view that antioxidants are considered 'useful' entities, reactive species are considered 'harmful' entities and oxidative stress is considered a 'negative' state. Certainly, the reality is much more complicated and antioxidants, reactive species and oxidative stress can serve both useful and detrimental roles, which are dependent on the biological context (within an organism), which in turn are greatly dependent on the environmental context (outside an organism). AntioxidantsAdmittedly, to define the term 'antioxidant' is a difficult task. In this paper, antioxidant is defined as any mechanism, structure and/or substance that delays, prevents or removes oxidative modifications to a target molecule (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2007;Pamplona and Costantini, 2011). Antioxidants can be complex molecules such as the superoxide dismutases and peroxiredoxins, or simpler ones such as uric acid and glutathione (Gutteridge and Halliwell, 2010). They can be broa...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox biology of exercise: an integrative and comparative consideration of some overlooked issues

Nikolaidis

Kyparos

Spanou

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

124

152

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“…However, there are considerable crosstalks between the two pathways [93] . This interaction appears to be critical in conferring antioxidant adaptation to exercise [86] . MAPK has a complicated hierarchy including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK , which are regulated by their respective upstream kinases MKK and MEKK [4] .…”

Section: Exercise Activation Of Redox Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following section will be primarily focused on the adaptation of the cellular antioxidant defense system. Readers are referred to several recent reviews on this topic [3,74,[86][87][88] .…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Exercise-induced Hormesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormesis and Exercise: How the Cell Copes with Oxidative Stress

Radák

Goto

2008

American J. of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle, heart and other organs. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated in response to exercise to restore intracellular prooxidantantioxidant homeostasis. Thus, both young and old animals and humans involved in regular exercise have shown reduced oxidative damage during acute physical exertion at accustomed or excessive intensity, or under oxidative challenges otherwise deemed detrimental. The current article provides a brief review of this exercise-induced hormesis with the emphasis on the role of redox sensitive signal transduction pathways (mainly nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase) that can activate the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins. Molecular mechanisms and gene targets for these signaling pathways, as well as the biological significance of the adaptations, are discussed.

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“…[59][60][61][62][63] Chronic exercise is a potent stimulator of endogenous antioxidant protection pathways. [64][65][66][67] Exercise may also improve innate immune function and surveillance. [68][69][70] In addition, the reductions in systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory factors seen with exercise have been postulated to decreased cancer risk.…”

Section: Proposed Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, chronic exercise has been shown to modify endogenous antioxidant protection pathways by decreasing lipid peroxidation and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). [64][65][66][67] One possible underlying mechanism responsible for the age-associated increase in PC incidence is oxidative damage from ROS, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide; 72,73 therefore, exercise could have a negative effect on PC by reducing these free radicals. Exercise has also been shown to improve innate immune function and surveillance, [68][69][70] and previous studies have demonstrated the importance of innate immune function on PC pathogenesis.…”

Section: Proposed Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise therapy across the prostate cancer continuum

Antonelli

Freedland

Jones

2009

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Exercise has been increasingly investigated as an adjunct therapy for cancer patients. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the literature regarding exercise as a therapeutic adjunct for prostate cancer (PC). Several studies in patients with PC have shown quality of life improvements associated with exercise. Although no study has established the effect of exercise as a monotherapy for PC, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the potential association between exercise and PC are being elucidated. Given the low-risk, high-reward nature of these studies, further investigations are needed to better define the function of exercise along the PC continuum.

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Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: Role of redox signaling

Cited by 255 publications

References 113 publications

Redox biology of exercise: an integrative and comparative consideration of some overlooked issues

Redox biology of exercise: an integrative and comparative consideration of some overlooked issues

Hormesis and Exercise: How the Cell Copes with Oxidative Stress

Exercise therapy across the prostate cancer continuum

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