Modulation of respiratory motor output by cerebellar deep nuclei in the rat

Xu, Fadi; Frazier, Donald T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.996

Cited by 60 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Humans imagining exercise under hypnosis demonstrate a bilateral activation of the cerebellum in the area of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (CFN) (522). Other studies have shown that there are projections from the CFN to medullary respiratory nuclei in addition to respiratory-modulated and chemosensitive neurons in the CFN (33,578,579,580). The modest attenuation of exercise hypocapnia during exercise in CFN-lesioned goats suggests that the CFN is part of the control system that enables the ventilatory response to meet the gas exchange requirements of submaximal exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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During dynamic exercise, the healthy pulmonary system faces several major challenges, including decreases in mixed venous oxygen content and increases in mixed venous carbon dioxide. As such, the ventilatory demand is increased, while the rising cardiac output means that blood will have considerably less time in the pulmonary capillaries to accomplish gas exchange. Blood gas homeostasis must be accomplished by precise regulation of alveolar ventilation via medullary neural networks and sensory reflex mechanisms. It is equally important that cardiovascular and pulmonary system responses to exercise be precisely matched to the increase in metabolic requirements, and that the substantial gas transport needs of both respiratory and locomotor muscles be considered. Our article addresses each of these topics with emphasis on the healthy, young adult exercising in normoxia. We review recent evidence concerning how exercise hyperpnea influences sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and the effect this might have on the ability to perform muscular work. We also review sex-based differences in lung mechanics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…We observed in fact in 34% of the SIUDS/SIDS cases, developmental alterations of all these structures. Furthermore, likewise to PCs, also the inferior olivary nucleus and the dentate nucleus may play a critical role in modulating the respiratory pattern [17,33,38,44].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Purkinje cell vulnerability to prenatal nicotine exposure in sudden unexplained perinatal death

Lavezzi¹,

Corna²,

Repetti³

et al. 2013

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“…Bassal and Bianchi (3) first reported an altered respiratory response to electrical stimulation of the FNr in cats. Subsequent studies confirmed that low-frequency electrical (3,22,23,43,46) or chemical activation (44) of FNr neurons predominantly elevated ventilation, often associated with a pressor response in both anesthetized cats and rats. Ablation of this region attenuated the respiratory response to severe hypercapnia and hypoxia (44,45).…”

Section: Nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) Stimulation Of the Vioc Augmented Vmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

Zhuang¹,

Xu²,

Frazier³

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Zhuang J, Xu F, Frazier DT. Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol 104: 1351-1358, 2008. First published March 20, 2008 doi:10.1152 doi:10. /japplphysiol.00824.2007eral studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 A at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25-50 nl N-methyl-D-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65-70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr. cerebellum; sudden infant death syndrome; inferior olive projections; hypertension THE INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS (IO), a nucleic complex located ventromedially in the medulla oblongata, has been amply documented to play important roles in motor functions, e.g., motor coordination and motor learning (2, 14) and visceral renal functions (28,40). Recent evidence from clinical observations has implied a possible IO involvement in cardiorespiratory dysfunction. First, victims of sudden infant death syndrome, a sleep apnea syndrome precipitated by defective control of involuntary respiration, often show neurotransmitter receptor deficiencies (10), developmental abnormalities (16), and prominent neuropathological changes in the IO (15). Second, a specific neuronal loss in the IO was found in infants with severe perinatal asphyxia (36). Third, a tremendous alteration of c-Fos immunoreactivity was found in the IO of asphyxia rather than nonasphyxia cases, with the effects more specific than in any other region related to respiration (29). Expression of the fos gene in neuronal nuclei has been proposed to reflect second-messenger activation and, hence, serves as a sensitive indicator of cellular responses induced by various stimuli. In concert with the clinical observations, the possible role of the caudal IO (IOc) in cardiorespiratory modulation has also been reported in animals. For example, electrical stimulation to the IOc was reported to cause an apnea in anesthetized cats ...

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Modulation of respiratory motor output by cerebellar deep nuclei in the rat

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Cerebellar Purkinje cell vulnerability to prenatal nicotine exposure in sudden unexplained perinatal death

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

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