Modulation of Pulmonary Toxicity in Metabolic Syndrome Due to Variations in Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Biocorona Composition

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) interact with biomolecules by forming a biocorona (BC) on their surface after introduction into the body and alter cell interactions and toxicity. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent condition and enhances susceptibility to inhaled exposures. We hypothesize that distinct NP-biomolecule interactions occur in the lungs due to MetS resulting in the formation of unique NP-BCs contributing to enhanced toxicity. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from healthy and MetS mouse models and used to evaluate variations in the BC formation on 20 nm iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs. Fe3O4 NPs without or with BCs were characterized for hydrodynamic size and zeta potential. Unique and differentially associated proteins and lipids with the Fe3O4 NPs were identified through proteomic and lipidomic analyses to evaluate BC alterations based on disease state. A mouse macrophage cell line was utilized to examine alterations in cell interactions and toxicity due to BCs. Exposures to 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL of Fe3O4 NPs with BCs for 1 h or 24 h did not demonstrate overt cytotoxicity. Macrophages increasingly associated Fe3O4 NPs following addition of the MetS BC compared to the healthy BC. Macrophages exposed to Fe3O4 NPs with a MetS-BC for 1 h or 24 h at a concentration of 25 μg/mL demonstrated enhanced gene expression of inflammatory markers: CCL2, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to Fe3O4 NPs with a healthy BC. Western blot analysis revealed activation of STAT3, NF-κB, and ERK pathways due to the MetS-BC. Specifically, the Jak/Stat pathway was the most upregulated inflammatory pathway following exposure to NPs with a MetS BC. Overall, our study suggests the formation of distinct BCs due to NP exposure in MetS, which may contribute to exacerbated inflammatory effects and susceptibility.

Toxicological impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on humans: understanding the mechanistic aspect of the interaction

“…Achieving this goal would empower toxicologists to accurately detect NPs in biological systems, facilitate the establishment of clear standards, and enable the proactive notification of those at high risk of exposure. For instance, epidemiological and murine studies have suggested that individuals with pre-existing conditions, such as Frontiers in Toxicology frontiersin.org metabolic syndromes, are more susceptible to engineered nanoparticles' impact than healthier individuals (Kobos et al, 2019;Alqahtani et al, 2020;Kobos et al, 2020;Alqahtani et al, 2021;Alqahtani et al, 2022;Xia et al, 2022). Similar vulnerabilities may well extend to the exposure to NPs.…”