Modulation of prolactin expression in human T lymphocytes by cytokines

Gerlo, Sarah; Verdood, Peggy; Hooghe‐Peters, Elisabeth L.; Kooijman, Ron

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.008

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A role for leukocyte-derived PRL as an autocrine or paracrine factor is supported by recent observations that prolactin regulates cytokine production (Dimitrov et al, 2004) and that PRL expression in T cells is regulated by IL-2, IL-4 and IL-1β (Gerlo et al, 2005). In the late nineties, experiments from two different groups using PRL (Horseman et al, 1997) and PRLR (Bouchard et al, 1999) knockout mice, respectively, revealed that neither PRL nor the PRLR are required for normal development or function of the immune system in mice.…”

Section: -2007mentioning

confidence: 93%

Protein hormones and immunity

Kelley

Weigent

Kooijman³

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Self Cite

190

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of observations and discoveries over the past 20 years support the concept of important physiological interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. The best known pathway for transmission of information from the immune system to the neuroendocrine system is humoral in the form of cytokines, although neural transmission via the afferent vagus is well documented also. In the other direction, efferent signals from the nervous system to the immune system are conveyed by both the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Communication is possible because the nervous and immune systems share a common biochemical language involving shared ligands and receptors, including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, growth factors, neuroendocrine hormones and cytokines. This means that the brain functions as an immune-regulating organ participating in immune responses. A great deal of evidence has accumulated and confirmed that hormones secreted by the neuroendocrine system play an important role in communication and regulation of the cells of the immune system. Among protein hormones, this has been most clearly documented for prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), but significant influences on immunity by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have also been demonstrated. Here we review evidence obtained during the past 20 years to clearly demonstrate that neuroendocrine protein hormones influence immunity and that immune processes affect the neuroendocrine system. New findings highlight a previously undiscovered route of communication between the immune and endocrine systems that is now known to occur at the cellular level. This communication system is activated when inflammatory processes induced by proinflammatory cytokines antagonize the function of a variety of hormones, which then causes endocrine resistance in both the periphery and brain. Homeostasis during inflammation is achieved by a balance between cytokines and endocrine hormones.

show abstract

Section: -2007mentioning

confidence: 93%

Protein hormones and immunity

Kelley

Weigent

Kooijman³

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Self Cite

190

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, PRL may not only be considered as an immunostimulatory endocrine factor, but also as an autocrine or paracrine immunoregulatory cytokine [25]. Furthermore, in human immune cells, PRL can be regulated by cytokines and other immune specific agonists [26].…”

Section: The Prl/prl-r (Prl Receptor) Unit and Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and clinical aspects of lymphocytic hypophysitis

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

LYH (lymphocytic hypophysitis) is an autoimmune disease of the pituitary gland which can present with varying degrees of pituitary hormonal impairment and/or with symptoms related to pituitary enlargement. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and the role of organ-specific and antipituitary antibodies as potential markers of LYH. In addition, although the mechanisms underlying LYH are not completely understood, the role of prolactin, which plays an important part in maintaining immune system homoeostasis and is increased in the disease, is considered.

show abstract

“…They exist in many different isoforms as soluble as well as membrane receptors (Kelly et al 1991). Genes encoding PRL receptors are expressed in several types of human cells, i.e., in nipples, ovaries, brain, heart, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, skeleton muscles, skin, and others (Ben-Jonathan et al 1996;BoleFeysot et al 1998;Sun et al 2004;Gerlo et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prolactin (PRL) on the growth of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the development and effector phases of the anti-Toxoplasma response, the immunological system of a host is involved in several complex interactions with the endocrine system, and prolactin (PRL) is one of the most important hormones involved in immunoregulation. In this work, the influence of the recombinant human prolactin (rhPRL) on the viability, penetration, and intensity of intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii BK strain in vitro was evaluated. Using one murine (L929) and two human cell lines (Hs27 and HeLa), no toxic effect of the rhPRL on host cells was found (by determining cellular viability using MTT assay). A similar lack of rhPRL cytotoxic activity was found in the case of the extracellular tachyzoites of T. gondii BK. Replication of parasites in the presence of rhPRL was analyzed first by simultaneous addition of the hormone and the parasites into a microculture of the host cells (treatment during infection). No statistically significant changes in the intensity of parasite proliferation in all used host cells were found for a wide range of the hormone concentrations. However, pre-incubation of the tachyzoites with rhPRL resulted in a significant reduction (up to 36.15%) in the replication abilities of the parasite. Further experiments revealed that in fact, the inhibition of replication was caused by a limited capacity of the parasites to penetrate host's cells as demonstrated by the reduced number of infected cells.

show abstract

Modulation of prolactin expression in human T lymphocytes by cytokines

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Protein hormones and immunity

Protein hormones and immunity

Immunological and clinical aspects of lymphocytic hypophysitis

The effect of prolactin (PRL) on the growth of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About