Modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in very preterm infants

Dembinski, Jörg; Behrendt, Daniela; Martini, Rainer; Heep, Axel; Bartmann, Peter

doi:10.1016/s1043-4666(02)00498-2

Cited by 65 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…IL-8 is relatively easy to detect and peaks later than TNF-␣. After the initiation of the inflammatory stimulus, IL-8 still shows a steady increase after 48 h in vitro (14). However, in this study, significant relationships between IL-8 and outcome measures were restricted to concentrations in cord blood.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…We have previously shown that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines at birth and during the first 72 postnatal hours were associated with arterial hypotension, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and WMD in very preterm infants (13). Changes in levels of cytokines occur rapidly within short time intervals (14). In the present cohort of very preterm infants, we observed that circulatory levels of cytokines were generally highest at or shortly after birth and decreased characteristically up until 72 h postnatal age.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

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Inflammation at Birth is Associated With Subnormal Development in Very Preterm Infants

et al. 2008

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Preterm birth carries a risk for impaired developmental outcome. We have previously described an association between increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines during the first 72 postnatal hours and cerebral damage as detected by ultrasound in a cohort of 74 very preterm infants. Sixty-seven of 71 surviving children with a mean gestational age of 27.1 (2.0) wk were examined at 2 y corrected age with a standardized neurologic examination and with Bayley Scales of Infant Development. We hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokine concentrations at or shortly after birth would be associated with an adverse developmental outcome. Increased concentrations of TNF-␣ in cord blood odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.3 (1.1-10.2), p ϭ 0.013 and at 6 h 7.8 (0.9 -71.8), p ϭ 0.015 and of IL-6 in cord blood 1.7 (1.0 -2.9), p ϭ 0.048 were associated with psychomotor developmental index Ͻ85. Increased concentrations of TNF-␣ in cord blood odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.6 (1.002-12.8), p ϭ 0.044 and of IL-8 in cord blood 3.5 (1.2-10.6), p ϭ 0.023 were associated with cerebral palsy. Associations of TNF-␣ and IL-8 in cord blood with the respective outcome measures remained significant after adjustment for other clinical variables. Proinflammation at birth is associated with impaired functional outcome at 2 y of corrected age in children with very preterm birth. (Pediatr Res 64: 183-188, 2008)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 53%

Inflammation at Birth is Associated With Subnormal Development in Very Preterm Infants

et al. 2008

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“…We and others have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages from preterm subjects have multiple differences in responses from the adult blood monocytes (10,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The effects of antenatal corticosteroids on human monocytes have not been evaluated in detail, although corticosteroids can acutely modulate inflammatory responses when cord blood monocytes are exposed to corticosteroids in culture (7,26,27). As would be anticipated from antiinflammatory effects, antenatal betamethasone suppressed H 2 O 2 production for 2 d and IL-6 production at 15 h. The interesting responses were the augmented phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, the increased H 2 O 2 , and the trend to increase IL-6 secretion by the monocytes from the 7 d corticosteroid group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal Betamethasone Changes Cord Blood Monocyte Responses to Endotoxin in Preterm Lambs

et al. 2004

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“…Very few data have been published in the fetus. Blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide S show an increase in IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-a (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls

et al. 2006

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Objectives: The IGF system is central to fetal growth. Recently, the relationships between cytokines and the IGF system have been shown in specific tissues. It is unknown whether these occur in the placenta. The aim of this study was to assess whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) modulated the IGF system. Methods: Whole villous tissue and cord serum were collected from fetal growth restriction (FGR) neonates diagnosed before birth with altered Doppler velocimetry and controls. Sixteen FGR and 20 controls, born after week 32 of gestation from elective Caesarean sections, were compared. Total RNA was extracted from the placenta samples, reverse transcribed, and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was performed to quantify cDNA for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, and IL-6. The same proteins were assayed in placenta lysates and cord serum using specific commercial kits and western immunoblotting. Results: FGR subjects had significantly more IGFBPs-1 and -2, and IL-6 mRNA and corresponding proteins in the placenta. In particular, the less phosphorylated isoforms of IGFBP-1 were highly increased. IL-6 and IGFBPs-2 mRNA, and IL-6 and IGFBP-1 peptides were positively and significantly correlated in the placenta. The IGF-II peptide was also significantly increased in FGR placentas. In cord serum, IGFBPs-1 and -2 were significantly more elevated in the FGR neonates. Serum IL-6 was significantly and positively correlated with both IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Conclusions: The placenta of FGR neonates has higher IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IL-6 contents compared with controls. At birth, IGFBPs-1 and -2 are increased in the cord blood of FGR neonates. IL-6 and IGFBP-2 gene expressions are closely related in the placenta. We suggest that the increase in IL-6 and IGFBP-2 could be subsequent to hypoxia and nutrient deficiency. As IGFBP-2 has a strong affinity for IGF-II, which is crucial for fetal growth, it could be an important bioregulator of IGF-II in the placenta.European Journal of Endocrinology 155 567-574

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Modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in very preterm infants

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Inflammation at Birth is Associated With Subnormal Development in Very Preterm Infants

Inflammation at Birth is Associated With Subnormal Development in Very Preterm Infants

Antenatal Betamethasone Changes Cord Blood Monocyte Responses to Endotoxin in Preterm Lambs

Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls

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