Modulation of Pain in Osteoarthritis

Abstract

(1) The roles of NO in nociception are dual and complex. (2) NO via cNOS, produced transiently in small amounts, can bring dramatic relief to people with painful OA.

Therapeutic Effects of Short-Term Monochromatic Infrared Energy Therapy on Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

“…2,30 Further intensive research focusing on the therapeutic effects of MIRE on patients with knee OA is required. 9,13,22,28 The current study thus examined the short-term therapeutic effects of MIRE on participants with knee OA, according to the ICF system. We hypothesized that short-term MIRE therapy would reduce pain and improve scores on assessments of body functions, activities, participation, and health-related quality of life.…”

“…The inducible NO synthases are induced by trauma, injury, or infection, whereas constitutive NO synthases are continuously produced by cells, such as endothelial and neuronal cells. 9 During MIRE treatment, the body's circulation provides a continuous supply of red blood cells containing NO to the sites where pads are placed. 9 NO is a potent endogenous vasodilator.…”

“…9 During MIRE treatment, the body's circulation provides a continuous supply of red blood cells containing NO to the sites where pads are placed. 9 NO is a potent endogenous vasodilator. By dilating arterioles, NO enhances circulation, tissue oxygenation, and nutrient delivery, and also removes metabolic waste products and relaxes smooth muscle cells.…”

“…In addition to the traditional use of heat and cold, ultrasound, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, 31 the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved the use of monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) for pain relief. 9 Infrared radiation wavelengths range from 750 nm to 1 mm, and in humans the application of infrared can stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO). 29 NO synthases produce NO from L-arginine in all human cells.…”

The effect of nebivolol on the production of nitric oxide induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan in mice

“…However, elevated NO levels have deleterious effects. NO leads to increased pain perception through stimulation of pain-mediating sensory nerves, overproduction of peroxynitrite with negative effects on proteins and cell function, S-nitrosylation of proteins such as transcription factors, signaling kinases, ion channels and TGF-β, which elicits conformational modifications leading to loss of function [9][10][11][12].…”