Modulation of normal tissue responses to radiation

El-Agamawi, Ahmed Yosry; Hopewell, J. W.; Plowman, P. N.; Rezvani, M.; Wilding, D

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-69-820-374-b

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…47 More recently, El-Agamawi et al reported that GLA significantly reduced the onset of paralysis following spinal cord irradiation in 5-week-old rats. 48 Prophylactic hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has also been used to try and prevent radiation-induced myelopathy in a rat model. Using a dose of 65 Gy in 10 fractions with or without 30 HBO treatments following the irradiation, Sminia et al did not demonstrate any preventive value to HBO.…”

Section: A7 Laboratory Studies Of Therapeutic Interventions For Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury

Shaw

Robbins

2008

Cancer Treatment and Research

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Section: A7 Laboratory Studies Of Therapeutic Interventions For Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury

Shaw

Robbins

2008

Cancer Treatment and Research

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“…A preliminary study showed that oral administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids for a period of 20 weeks after the end of irradiation slightly reduced the incidence of radiation myelopathy. These investigators also found that polyunsaturated fatty acids delayed the onset of paralysis in a rodent model [72]. Comparable results were reported by Hornsey et al [73], who administered various vasoactive drugs.…”

Section: Prospects For Modulating Cns Tolerancementioning

confidence: 57%

Radiation myelopathy: New perspective on an old problem

Nieder

Ataman

Price

et al. 1999

Radiat. Oncol. Investig.

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This article discusses recent advances in basic research that alter the view of the pathogenesis of radiation myelopathy and summarizes the available data from developmental neurobiology and preclinical studies on demyelinating diseases. These studies have produced interesting insights into oligodendrocyte development, intercellular signaling pathways, and myelination processes. Current findings suggest that administration of cytokines as platelet‐derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor could increase proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors, enhance their differentiation, upregulate synthesis of myelin constituents, and promote myelin regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Other compounds might also be able to modulate the progression of pathogenic processes that lead to myelopathy. In addition, several possible biological prevention or treatment strategies, for example stimulation of endogenous cellular regeneration and glial cell transplantation, are discussed. Rationally designed animal experiments pursuing such strategies could further elucidate the pathogenesis of radiation‐induced CNS damage. Radiat. Oncol. Invest. 7:193–203, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…4 In co-operation with the Oxford group we subsequently demonstrated that gamma linolenic acid administration significantly delayed the time to paralysis following excessive single dosage radiation to rat spinal cord. 5 The basis for this modification is not clear but seems to be via eicosanoid pathways both for lipids and for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eicosanoids are formed from precursor 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized and are derived directly from the diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotactic radiosurgery XII. Large AVM and the failure of the radiation response modifier gamma linolenic acid to improve the therapeutic ratio

Sims

Plowman²

2001

British Journal of Neurosurgery

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Large arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are less likely to be 'cured' by single fraction stereotactically delivered radiation therapy (radiosurgery) and such treatment is attended by higher complication risks. Out of 200 successive AVM patients accepted for curative radiosurgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital (and all treated by the same 6MV x-ray technique to 17.5 Gy marginal dose) were 62 patients whose target volume exceeded 10 ml. Laboratory data demonstrating that gamma linolenic [omega-6-] acid (GLA) protected rat spinal cord from the damaging effect of single shot radiation prompted this study which employed GLA in conjunction with radiosurgery for large AVM. Without GLA, 41% of large AVM obliterated, but in the GLA treated cohort the obliteration rate was only 5.3% (p < 0.02). The permanent complication rates in the same patient groups were 20% versus 0%, respectively. There was a small skew to smaller volume 'large AVM' in the GLA treated cohort. This fact strengthens the conclusion concerning a difference for AVM obliteration, but could lead to a false conclusion quae GLA modulation of complications. When four patients were censored to minimize this possible bias, the risk for complications in the GLA treated patients was still significantly (p < 0.05), less than in the control group. We therefore conclude: (1) GLA spares AVM from radiation induced obliteration; (2) GLA modifies the response of normal human brain to radiation damage; (3) GLA does not improve the therapeutic ratio for AVM based radiosurgery; (4) GLA may have other uses (notably after radiation accidents and in radiation neuro-oncology, radiation cranial prophylaxis, chemoradiation protocols, whole brain radiation for metastases etc.).

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Modulation of normal tissue responses to radiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The Management of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury

The Management of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury

Radiation myelopathy: New perspective on an old problem

Stereotactic radiosurgery XII. Large AVM and the failure of the radiation response modifier gamma linolenic acid to improve the therapeutic ratio

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