Modulation of natural immunity in the gut by Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917

Trebichavský, I; Šplı́chal, Igor; Rada, V.; Šplı́chalová, Alla

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00305.x

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Another example is the LPS molecule in E. coli Nissle 1917 (DSM 6601), the only Gram-negative probiotic bacterium that is commercially available in Europe and has been included in a wide number of clinical trials and laboratory studies (Trebichavsky et al 2010). A 2002 study demonstrated that in E. coli Nissle 1917 (serotype O6:K5:H1), a single mutation caused by a nucleotide substitution truncated the gene for the O-antigen polymerase, Wzy, which catalyses the polymerisation of the O LPS subunits into a long-chain polysaccharide.…”

Section: Bacterial Cell Wall Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)

2011

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The probiotic approach represents a potentially effective and mild alternative strategy for the prevention and treatment of either inflammatory or allergic diseases. Several studies have shown that different bacterial strains can exert their probiotic abilities by influencing the host's immune system, thereby modulating immune responses. However, the emerging concern regarding safety problems arising from the extensive use of live microbial cells is enhancing the interest in non-viable microorganisms or microbial cell extracts, as they could eliminate shelf-life problems and reduce the risks of microbial translocation and infection. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the scientific literature concerning studies in which dead microbial cells or crude microbial cell fractions have been used as health-promoting agents. Particular attention will be given to the modulation of host immune responses. Possible mechanisms determining the effect on the immune system will also be discussed. Finally, in the light of the FAO/WHO definition of probiotics, indicating that the word 'probiotic' should be restricted to products that contain live microorganisms, and considering the scientific evidence indicating that inactivated microbes can positively affect human health, we propose the new term 'paraprobiotic' to indicate the use of inactivated microbial cells or cell fractions to confer a health benefit to the consumer.

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Section: Bacterial Cell Wall Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)

2011

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“…Similarly, the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of this probiotic have been reported in experimental models of colitis in mice and rats (Grabig et al, 2006; Ukena et al, 2007; Arribas et al, 2009; Garrido-Mesa et al, 2011; Souza et al, 2016). Several mechanisms have been reported to be involved in the beneficial effects of this probiotic in IBD, such as its ability to modulate the host immune response toward an anti-inflammatory balance (Trebichavsky et al, 2010). In addition, EcN reinforces the intestinal epithelial barrier by strengthening TJs between intestinal epithelial cells (Ukena et al, 2007; Zyrek et al, 2007; Hering et al, 2014) and increasing the expression of antimicrobial factors such as microcins (Sassone-Corsi et al, 2016) and β-defensin-2 (Schlee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Anti-inflammatory Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in DSS-Experimental Colitis in Mice

et al. 2017

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Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic strain with proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. However, the microbial factors that mediate these beneficial effects are not fully known. Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a direct pathway for delivering selected bacterial proteins and active compounds to the host. In fact, vesicles released by gut microbiota are emerging as key players in signaling processes in the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used to investigate the potential of EcN OMVs to ameliorate mucosal injury and inflammation in the gut. The experimental protocol involved pre-treatment with OMVs for 10 days before DSS intake, and a 5-day recovery period. Oral administration of purified EcN OMVs (5 μg/day) significantly reduced DSS-induced weight loss and ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. OMVs treatment counteracted altered expression of cytokines and markers of intestinal barrier function. This study shows for the first time that EcN OMVs can mediate the anti-inflammatory and barrier protection effects previously reported for this probiotic in experimental colitis. Remarkably, translation of probiotics to human healthcare requires knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in probiotic–host interactions. Thus, OMVs, as a non-replicative bacterial form, could be explored as a new probiotic-derived therapeutic approach, with even lower risk of adverse events than probiotic administration.

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“…The strain, which was originally isolated from a soldier who survived a severe outbreak of diarrhea during the First World War, is a good colonizer of the human gut and positively affects gastrointestinal homeostasis and microbiota balance. It is well-known that EcN promotes anti-inflammatory modulation of the immune response (Trebichavsky et al, 2010). These effects have been mainly established from in vitro and in vivo experiments performed with live probiotic suspensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Membrane Vesicles and Soluble Factors Released by Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Commensal ECOR63 Enhance Barrier Function by Regulating Expression of Tight Junction Proteins in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

et al. 2016

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The gastrointestinal epithelial layer forms a physical and biochemical barrier that maintains the segregation between host and intestinal microbiota. The integrity of this barrier is critical in maintaining homeostasis in the body and its dysfunction is linked to a variety of illnesses, especially inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbes, and particularly probiotic bacteria, modulate the barrier integrity by reducing gut permeability and reinforcing tight junctions. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a good colonizer of the human gut with proven therapeutic efficacy in the remission of ulcerative colitis in humans. EcN positively modulates the intestinal epithelial barrier through upregulation and redistribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-14. Upregulation of claudin-14 has been attributed to the secreted protein TcpC. Whether regulation of ZO-1 and ZO-2 is mediated by EcN secreted factors remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by EcN strengthen the epithelial barrier. This study includes other E. coli strains of human intestinal origin that contain the tcpC gene, such as ECOR63. Cell-free supernatants collected from the wild-type strains and from the derived tcpC mutants were fractionated into isolated OMVs and soluble secreted factors. The impact of these extracellular fractions on the epithelial barrier was evaluated by measuring transepithelial resistance and expression of several tight junction proteins in T-84 and Caco-2 polarized monolayers. Our results show that the strengthening activity of EcN and ECOR63 does not exclusively depend on TcpC. Both OMVs and soluble factors secreted by these strains promote upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, and down-regulation of claudin-2. The OMVs-mediated effects are TcpC-independent. Soluble secreted TcpC contributes to the upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, but this protein has no effect on the transcriptional regulation of claudin-2. Thus, in addition to OMVs and TcpC, other active factors released by these microbiota strains contribute to the reinforcement of the epithelial barrier.

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Modulation of natural immunity in the gut by Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)

The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)

Intestinal Anti-inflammatory Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in DSS-Experimental Colitis in Mice

Outer Membrane Vesicles and Soluble Factors Released by Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Commensal ECOR63 Enhance Barrier Function by Regulating Expression of Tight Junction Proteins in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

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