Modulation of mucosal/systemic antibody response after sublingual immunotherapy in mite‐allergic children

Abstract

All children undergoing SLIT showed clinical improvement, but a long-term reduction in symptom/medication scores with modulation of mucosal/systemic antibody responses were seen only in active groups (DPT and DPT+MRB).

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Follow-Up by Measuring Allergen-Specific IgG as an Objective Parameter

“…Accordingly, increased numbers of Treg cells were also detected in nasal mucosa correlating with clinical efficacy after AIT, supporting the importance of these cells on tolerogenic phenomenon observed in patients upon AIT [44]. TGF-β produced by Treg cells is a potent inhibitor of Th2, Th1 and Th17 effector response and has been associated with the suppression of seasonal allergic inflammation [31] and production of mucosal allergen-specific IgA after AIT [30,45,46]. Likewise, IL-10 produced by Tr1, Treg and Breg cells were markedly increased after AIT in allergic individuals and those cells were also associated with suppressor effect observed in several immunotherapeutical protocols [47][48][49].…”

“…show any increases in IgG1 or IgG4 antibody levels to crude D. pteronyssinus extract or its major allergen components in that studied period of time [30]. Thus, our studies have shown that increased levels of allergen-specific IgG subclasses, particularly IgG4 and IgG1, can be detected after variable period of AIT in the serum of patients receiving mite AIT, using major natural components in the ELISA technique that allow better reaction than their modified or recombinant counterparts without the need of purified allergen components.…”

“…AIT aims to induce changes on the immune response of allergic individuals, drawing a state of allergen-specific tolerance, which contributes with a curative effect for a long period of time [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Immunotherapy in allergy and cellular tests

“…[151][152][153] Past reports have shown that secretory IgAs induce degranulation in IL-3 primed basophils. 154,155 The role of secretory mucosal IgA (sIgAs) is fundamental in OIT and SLIT, both for food and inhalant allergens 107 and the investigation of FcαRI (CD89) expression on basophil membrane 156 during a BAT performance would provide important insights about SLIT or OIT efficacy.…”

“…Particularly due to its safety and tolerability, 103 though issues have been raised about the opportunity to use either sublingual (SLIT) or sub-cutaneous (SCIT) immunotherapy. 104 AIT is also included in the panel against allergic rhinitis, 105 with grass pollen allergens, 106 allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 107 asthma, 108,109 atopic dermatitis. 110,111 However, immunotherapy with allergens might be a still puzzling research field because of the complex cross reactivity occurring between different allergens, e.g., food or inhalatory allergens, 112,113 which further affects the reliability of BAT in AIT.…”