Modulation of Monoaminergic Transporters by Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Rat Brain

Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow; Tomassoni, Daniele; Nwankwo, Innocent Ejike; Stefano, Antonio Di; Sozio, Piera; Cerasa, Laura Serafina; Amenta, Francesco

doi:10.2174/1871527311312010015

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results of this research have demonstrated that the α-GPC combination with DHA-TG is more neurodevelopmentally effective than DHA-TG or DHA-TG+ phosphocholine or DHA+ phosphocholine [ 89 ]. In addition, a number of studies suggest that α-GPC may represent an interesting molecule to improve some symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders which involve cognitive functions [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ].…”

Section: Other Membrane Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds

Tayebati

2018

Molecules

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The worldwide demographical trend is changing towards a more elderly population. In particular, this phenomenon is increasing the number of neurodegenerative disease cases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) in advanced countries. Therefore, there is a fertile field for neuroprotective approaches to address this problem. A useful strategy to protect the membrane integrity of cells and reduce inflammatory processes. In this context, the neurons represent particularly vulnerable cells. Thus, a protection strategy should include their membrane preservation and improved anti-inflammatory processes. The contribution of phospholipid derivatives to this issue is crucial and many articles evidence their role in both health and disease. On the other hand, some lipids containing choline actively participate to increase the choline levels in the nervous system. It is acknowledged that the cholinergic system plays a pivotal role both in the central and in the peripheral nervous system. Neurons cannot synthesize choline, which is provided by the diet. The reuptake of ACh and its hydrolysis represent the principal source of choline. Therefore, to cover choline needs, choline-containing lipids may be used. There are different works which demonstrate their neuroprotective features This review article analyzes phospholipid and lipid derivatives that through different mechanisms are involved in these protective processes, although, sometimes the same molecules may behave as neurotoxic elements, therefore, their protective machinery should be detailed better.

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Section: Other Membrane Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds

Tayebati

2018

Molecules

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“…Therefore, the data suggested that although the use of choline and Choline alphoscerate increased ACh release and modulated the cholinergic system/dopaminergic system [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 22 ], it did not modify the cerebral inflammatory status. The modulator effect of ACh on inflammatory processes is documented, and it is known that like the peripheral response, ACh exerts a neuroprotective effect through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CDP and GPC are both natural, water-soluble and show similar effects in different conditions [ 19 ]. CDP and GPC, orally administrated, cross the blood-brain barrier and are incorporated into the phospholipid fraction of the neuronal plasma membrane and in microsomes [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choline and Choline alphoscerate Do Not Modulate Inflammatory Processes in the Rat Brain

et al. 2017

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Choline is involved in relevant neurochemical processes. In particular, it is the precursor and metabolite of acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is an essential component of different membrane phospholipids that are involved in intraneuronal signal transduction. On the other hand, cholinergic precursors are involved in ACh release and carry out a neuroprotective effect based on an anti-inflammatory action. Based on these findings, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of choline and choline precursor (Choline alphoscerate, GPC) in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 87 mg of choline chloride/kg/day (65 mg/kg/day of choline), and at choline-equivalent doses of GPC (150 mg/kg/day) and vehicle for two weeks. The brains were dissected and used for immunochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, IL-1β; Interleukin-6, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, TNF-α) and endothelial adhesion molecules (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, ICAM-1 and Vascular cell Adhesion Molecule, VCAM-1) were studied in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. The results clearly demonstrated that treatment with choline or GPC did not affect the expression of the inflammatory markers in the different cerebral areas evaluated. Therefore, choline and GPC did not stimulate the inflammatory processes that we assessed in this study.

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“…Clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of αGPC for treating cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease [ 5 , 6 ] and vascular dementia [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Treatment with αGPC increases dopamine levels as well as dopamine active transporter expression in the frontal cortex and cerebellum [ 10 ]. It also increases serotonin levels in the frontal cortex and striatum of rat brains [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Increases Motivation in Healthy Volunteers: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Human Study

et al. 2021

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Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (αGPC) is a precursor of acetylcholine and can increase acetylcholine concentration in the brain. In addition, αGPC has a role in cholinergic function as well as monoaminergic transmission, including dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. These monoaminergic systems are related to feelings and emotions, including motivation, reward processing, anxiety, and depression. However, the precise effects of αGPC on human feelings and emotions remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated changes in the subjective feelings of healthy volunteers using the KOKORO scale before and after administering αGPC. Thirty-nine volunteers participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants completed a KOKORO scale test to quantify self-reported emotional states, three times each day for two weeks preceding treatment and then for a further two weeks while self-administering treatment. αGPC treatment show a tendency to increase motivation during the intervention period. Furthermore, motivation at night was significantly higher in the αGPC group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). However, αGPC did not show any effects on anxiety. These data suggest that αGPC can be used to increase motivation in healthy individuals.

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Modulation of Monoaminergic Transporters by Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Rat Brain

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds

Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds

Choline and Choline alphoscerate Do Not Modulate Inflammatory Processes in the Rat Brain

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Increases Motivation in Healthy Volunteers: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Human Study

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