Modulation of Memory Storage Processes

McGaugh, James L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3500-2_3

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The time course for consolidation appeared to be quite different from study to study (Chorover, 1976), and perhaps even experiment specific (McGaugh & Gold, 1976). As a result of the variability in the time course of the consolidation process, McGaugh and Gold (1976) argued that "RA [retrograde amnesia] gradients do not provide a direct measure of the time required for the consolidation of long-term memory" (p. 550), and furthermore suggested that "memory disruption studies provide direct information only about the susceptibility of memory to disruption; they do not provide direct information about the underlying memory processes" (McGaugh & Gold, 1976, p. 551; see also Weiskrantz, 1966;McGaugh & Dawson, 1971;Gold & McGaugh, 1975).Much of the aforementioned research, aimed at determining the duration of a time-dependent consolidation process, was strongly influenced by Hebb's theoretical ideas. He argued for a dual-trace memory process at the physiological level: a transient trace is first established, which then undergoes some structural modification in order to become more permanent.…”

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Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Polster¹,

Nadel²,

Schacter

1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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As part of the general trend toward interdisciplinary research in recent years, a growing number of investigators have come to consider both cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives when theorizing about memory. Although such cognitive neuroscience analyses are a relatively recent development, the approach has precedents in earlier scientific thinking about memory. In this article we present a historical review of three major issues in memory research-consolidation processes, the nature of memory representations, and multiple memory systems. We discuss the nature of the relation between cognitive Cognitive neuroscience is a fundamentally interdisciplinary pursuit that draws on the methodological tools and theoretical frameworks of both of its constituent disciplines. In doing so, it promises to provide a more complete understanding of mnemonic processes than could be achieved by either discipline alone. During the past few decades, the cognitive neuroscience approach has become increasingly prominent in the analysis of memory. A growing number of cognitive scientists have made use of findings and ideas about brain function (e.g., Schacter, 1985a; Rumelhart, 1986a, 1986b;Shimamura, 1989), and similarly an increasing number of neuroscientists have drawn on cognitive theories and paradigms (e.g., Kean & Nadel, 1982; Mishkin & Petri, 1984;. Although still in its infancy, this approach has already begun to yield important insights into various aspects of memory, and there is every reason to believe that it will become even more prominent in the future.Although the emergence of widespread interest in cognitive neuroscience analyses of memory is a relatively recent phenomenon, the approach itself is not entirely without precedent in the history of scientific thinlung about memory. Thus, for example, investigators such as Ribot (1882), Burnham (1903), Semon (19041921), 0 1991 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and neuroscientific approaches to each of these issues with respect to the distinction between collateral, complementary, and convergent relations (Schacter, 1986). Although some early investigators offered analyses that linked psychological and physiological perspectives, there is little historical evidence of systematic o r sustained interdisciplinary research. However, more recent work, especially with respect to hypotheses about memory systems, suggests progress toward establishing programmatic interdisciplinary research. m Hebb (1949), and even Freud (1895;in Bonaparte, Freud, & &is, 1954) put forward what could be broadly construed as memory theories that drew on both psychological and physiological perspectives. Nevertheless, we are not aware of any scholarly attempt to trace systematically the extent to which memory researchers have attempted to combine these two approaches. The main purpose of this article is to provide the beginnings of such an analysis.There are several reasons why such a historical analysis is worth pursuing. First, there is simple intellectual curiosity about the antece...

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Polster¹,

Nadel²,

Schacter

1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Gravaremos sua imagem vividamente; as das outras, não. A maior ou menor consolidação de determinadas experiências ou fragmentos de experiências, simultâneas ou consecutivas, influi grandemente no processo seletivo (McGAUGH, 1988). Uma memó-ria bem-consolidada é difícil de extinguir (IZQUIERDO e PEREIRA, 1989); uma memória malconsolidada se extingue ou se esquece facilmente.…”

Section: Consolidaçãounclassified

“…Várias dessas substâncias afetam a memória. Numerosos experimentos com drogas que liberam, mimetizam ou bloqueiam sua ação demonstraram que as mesmas não atuam durante a aquisição, senão no período imediatamente posterior, afetando a consolidação (McGAUGH, 1988;IZQUIERDO et al, 1988a;IZQUIERDO e PEREIRA, 1989;IZQUIERDO, 1989). Os tratamentos são efetivos quando aplicados após a aquisição (no período denominado pós-treinamento).…”

Section: Consolidaçãounclassified

“…A lesão da stria terminalis bloqueia também o próprio efeito da b-endorfina. A injeção intra-amigdalina de bicuculina ou picrotoxina (bloqueadores do GABA) facilita a consolidação (McGAUGH, 1988). Sabe-se há anos que o diazepam, uma droga que potencia a transmissão GABAérgica, deprime a formação de novas memórias (CAHILL et al, 1986;IZQUIERDO et al, 1988a,b).…”

Section: Consolidaçãounclassified

“…Sabe-se há anos que o diazepam, uma droga que potencia a transmissão GABAérgica, deprime a formação de novas memórias (CAHILL et al, 1986;IZQUIERDO et al, 1988a,b). A injeção de agonistas noradrenérgicos ou colinérgicos na amígdala facilita a consolidação (McGAUGH, 1988). A ativação moderada dos sistemas noradrenérgico, colinérgico e GABAérgico no período imediatamente posterior à aquisição de memórias parece, assim, necessária para que haja consolidação; e a amígdala parece ser o principal sítio de ação e interação destes sistemas entre si e com a b-endorfina (McGAUGH, 1988;IZQUIERDO, 1989).…”

Section: Consolidaçãounclassified

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Memórias

Izquierdo

1989

Estud. av.

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Memórias Ivan IzquierdoO tempo flui, como um rio, aquele ao qual Heráclito disse que não podemos descer duas vezes. Há, basicamente, duas maneiras de conceber o fluxo do tempo: desde o passado em direção ao futuro, ou desde o futuro em direção ao passado (BORGES, 1960). Em qualquer um dos casos, o fluxo nos atravessa num ponto, que denominamos presente. Um ponto não tem superfície nem volume; é intangível e fugaz. É curioso que, em ambas concepções do tempo, o futuro (ou o passado) sejam conseqüências de algo quase imaterial como é o presente; de um simples ponto. Esse ponto evanescente, porém, é nossa única posse real: o futuro não existe ainda (e a palavra ainda é uma petição de princípio) e o passado não mais existe, salvo sob a forma de memórias. Não há tempo sem um conceito de memória; não há presente sem um conceito do tempo; não há realidade sem memória e sem uma noção de presente, passado e futuro.

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Memory Improvement and Memory Theory in Historical Perspective

Herrmann¹,

Searleman²

1992

Memory Improvement

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Modulation of Memory Storage Processes

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Memórias

Memory Improvement and Memory Theory in Historical Perspective

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