Modulation of lipid homeostasis in response to continuous or intermittent high-fat diet in pigs

Abstract

A high-fat diet is known to induce atherosclerosis in animal models. Dietary factors and timing of atherogenic food delivery may affect plasma lipoprotein content composition and its potential atherogenic effect. Increasingly often, humans spend periods/days eating in a completely unregulated way, ingesting excessive amounts of food rich in oils and fats, alternating with periods/days when food intake is more or less correct. We investigate the effect on lipid homeostasis of a high-fat diet administered either continuously or intermittently. We investigated control pigs receiving standard diet (C, n = 7), pigs receiving a high-fat diet every day for 10 weeks (CHF, n = 5), and pigs receiving a high-fat diet every other week for 10 weeks (IHF, n = 7). IHF animals were shown to have a different lipid profile compared with CHF animals, with a significant increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels with respect to C and CHF groups. CHF also showed significantly higher values of TC/HDL cholesterol compared with C and IHF. Hepatic expression analysis of genes involved in lipid homeostasis showed an increasing trend of nuclear receptor LXRα along with its target genes in the CHF group and in the IHF group, whereas SREBP2 and LDLr were significantly inhibited. A significant correlation was found between ABCA1 expression and circulating levels of HDL-C. Periodic withdrawals of a high-fat atherogenic diet compared with a regular administration results in a different adaptive response of lipoprotein metabolism, which leads to a significantly higher plasma level of HDL-C and lower TC/HDL-C.

<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> and <i>Silybum marianum</i> alone or combined orchestrate experimentally induced hepatic steatosis through lipogenecity, glucose tolerance and oxidant/antioxidant status

“…Histopathologically, liver sections from rats fed HFD showed a clear difference from those of other treated groups in which fat accumulates in the liver hepatocytes with marked degenerative changes, necrosis, disrupted architecture were observed, these results are in agreement with previous study of Samuhasaneeto et al (2007) who reported the effects of HFD associated inflammation and oxidative stress in inducing the early stage steatohepatitis.…”

“…Hepatic steatosis arises from imbalance in TAG acquisition and removal (Puccinelli et al, 2015). dandelion, milk thistle and dandelion/milk thistle combination significantly reduced the elevated liver TAG content in group I when compared to treated groups with best results were obtained in dandelion/milk thistle combination group as herbal supplementation can reduce intestinal absorption level of dietary lipid, thereby decreasing serum and hepatic TAG (Yao et al, 2011;Mingarro et al, 2015).…”

“…Other studies have revealed that HFD promote hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia so it can be used to generate a valid rodent model for the analysis of the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia (Puccinelli et al, 2015).…”

Tissue fatty acid deposition, plasma lipid and cytokine profile in pigs fed a diet with fish oil or palm oil

“…This finding can be (rather counterintuitively) interpreted as an ability of saturated fats to increase this favourable cholesterol fraction, which is, however, in agreement with the results of Puccinelli et al (2015), who reported nearly four-times higher HDLC (2.28 vs 0.62 mmol/l) in plasma of pigs fed intermittently a diet with 20% of lard in comparison with control.…”

HDL-Mediated Protection of Coronary Vasodilator Response to Adenosine in the Hypercholesterolemic Swine

“…The animals were allocated into three groups: controls on standard diet (C, n = 7, body weight 31 ± 2 kg); animals fed daily on cholesterol supplemented high fat diet (HF, n = 7, body weight 36 ± 1 kg); pigs on alternate diet, fed on either standard or cholesterol supplemented high fat diet every other week (IHF, n = 7, body weight 42 ± 2 kg) [30]. Diet duration in all groups was 68 ± 8 days and the pigs were fed three times a day.…”