Modulation of intravenous cocaine effects by chronic oral cocaine in humans

Walsh, Sharon; Haberny, Kathleen A.; Bigelow, George E.

doi:10.1007/s002130000439

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Similar cardiovascular effects have been reported in previous studies of intravenous cocaine administration (Foltin and Fischman, 1991a;Jones et al, 1999;Walsh et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effects Of Intravenous Cocainesupporting

confidence: 88%

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Sobel

Sigmon

Griffiths

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order across days. Subjective and cardiovascular data were collected before and repeatedly after drug or placebo injection. Reinforcing effects were also assessed after each injection with a Drug vs Money Multiple-Choice Form. Intravenous cocaine produced robust dose-related increases in subjective and reinforcing effects; these effects were not altered by nicotine maintenance. Intravenous caffeine produced elevations on several subjective ratings; nicotine maintenance did not affect these ratings. Under the placebo maintenance condition, intravenous nicotine produced robust dose-related subjective effects, with maximal increases similar to the high dose of cocaine; nicotine maintenance significantly decreased the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine. The results of the present study demonstrate that chronic nicotine maintenance produces tolerance to the effects of intravenous nicotine, but does not affect the subjective or reinforcing effects of cocaine or caffeine.

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“…Similar cardiovascular effects have been reported in previous studies of intravenous cocaine administration (Foltin and Fischman, 1991a;Jones et al, 1999;Walsh et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effects Of Intravenous Cocainesupporting

confidence: 88%

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Sobel

Sigmon

Griffiths

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Viewed from this perspective, agonist substitution therapy can be described as "neurochemical normalization" therapy-the treatment medication "normalizes" dysregulated neurochemistry by substituting for the abused drug. This approach has been explored for the treatment of cocaine dependence (Alim et al, 1995;Grabowski et al, 1997Grabowski et al, , 2001Kampman et al, 2000;Walsh et al, 2000). Our results with PAL-287 extend the concept of agonist substitution by using a dual DA/5-HT releaser that exhibits the desired therapeutic effects of a replacement medication without the adverse side effects associated with prototypical psychomotor stimulants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Development of a Rationally Designed, Low Abuse Potential, Biogenic Amine Releaser That Suppresses Cocaine Self-Administration

Rothman¹,

Blough²,

Woolverton³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Convergent lines of evidence support a dual deficit model of stimulant withdrawal, where reductions in synaptic dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT) contribute to dysphoria, drug craving, and relapse. Thus, we predicted that a nonamphetamine compound with substrate activity at DA and 5-HT transporters (i.e., a dual DA/5-HT releaser) would be an effective medication for treating stimulant addictions. Ideally, this type of medication would alleviate withdrawal symptoms, suppress cocaine self-administration, and lack side effects commonly associated with central nervous system stimulants. In the present work, more than 350 compounds were screened in vitro for activity as substrate-type releasing agents at DA, 5-HT, and norepinephrine transporters. These efforts identified PAL-287 (1-napthyl-2-aminopropane) as a nonamphetamine compound with potent substrate activity at biogenic amine transporters. In vivo microdialysis in rats demonstrated that PAL-287 (1-3 mg/kg i.v.) increased extracellular DA and 5-HT in frontal cortex, but effects on 5-HT were somewhat greater. PAL-287 induced substantially less locomotor stimulation than (ϩ)-amphetamine, a drug that increases only extracellular DA. Administration of high-dose (ϩ)-methamphetamine or (Ϯ)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to rats produced long-lasting depletion of cortical 5-HT, whereas PAL-287 (18 mg/kg i.p. ϫ 3) did not. PAL-287 displayed little or no reinforcing properties in rhesus monkeys trained to self-administer cocaine, yet PAL-287 produced a dose-dependent decrease in responding for cocaine when infused at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/h. Collectively, the findings reported here demonstrate that nonamphetamine monoamine releasing agents such as PAL-287 might be promising candidate medications for the treatment of stimulant dependence.

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“…The issue of increased "wanting" or "craving" following cocaine administration, which has also been characterized as "priming" (de Wit, 1996), has been the subject of follow-up investigations. Unlike the preclinical literature, the findings of these clinical investigations were mixed; whereas a subset of studies replicated the results reported by Jaffe and colleagues (Fischman, Foltin, Nestadt, & Pearlson, 1990;Jaffe et al, 1989;Kosten et al, 1992;Nann-Vernotica, Donny, Bigelow, & Walsh, 2001;Sofuoglu, Brown, Babb, Pentel, & Hatsukami, 2000a,b;Walsh, Haberny, & Bigelow, 2000;Ward, Haney, Fischman, & Foltin, 1997a,1997bWard, Haney, Fischman, & Foltin, 1998), others did not (De La Garza, Foltin & Haney, 2000;Foltin et al, 2003;Romach et al, 1999;Sofuoglu, Pentel, Bliss, Goldman, & Hatsukami, 1999). To our knowledge, the clinical phenomenon of priming has not been addressed by a formal literature review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A qualitative and quantitative review of cocaine-induced craving: The phenomenon of priming

Mahoney

Kalechstein

Garza

et al. 2007

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Drug-induced craving is thought to play an important role in relapse occasioned by a "slip", or an isolated use of a previously abused drug after a period of abstinence. Clinical experience suggests that acute exposure to cocaine elicits craving (hereafter referred to as "priming"); however, this has received surprisingly little attention in the clinical literature.Aims-The intentions of this review are to provide a qualitative review of the literature as well as a more stringent quantitative review of the existence and presence of cocaine-induced priming effects.Methods-In order to determine whether priming effects occur following cocaine administration, we conducted qualitative and quantitative reviews of studies in which participants received cocaine under experimentally controlled conditions in the laboratory.Results-The results of the qualitative review were equivocal, while the quantitative review revealed that cocaine administration was associated with a significant increase in craving for cocaine, and the effect size of this relationship was large.Conclusion-A review of the individual studies revealed marked variability, suggesting that priming effects did not occur consistently and that there may be factors that mediate or moderate the intensity of the priming effects induced by cocaine. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Modulation of intravenous cocaine effects by chronic oral cocaine in humans

Abstract: These data indicate that treatment with a cocaine "agonist" - in this case oral cocaine - can modestly attenuate the subjective and physiological responses to cocaine in humans under conditions that are safely tolerated.

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Development of a Rationally Designed, Low Abuse Potential, Biogenic Amine Releaser That Suppresses Cocaine Self-Administration

A qualitative and quantitative review of cocaine-induced craving: The phenomenon of priming

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