Modulation of innate and acquired immunity by an estrogenic dose of genistein in gonadectomized cats

Cave, Nick; Backus, Robert C.; Marks, Stanley L.; Klasing, Kirk C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.02.008

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This study cannot rule out any effect of dental disease on the study variables because it did not include a healthy control group. The proliferation indices in these cats at baseline were similar to those in other studies using healthy cats, but we cannot exclude the possibility that periodontal disease does have an effect on lymphocyte function (Cave et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…A whole blood cell proliferation assay was modified from previously reported methods (Cave et al 2007). Briefly, lithium heparin-treated peripheral whole blood was diluted 1:4 in complete RPMI-1640 medium (RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mM/L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin sulphate and 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol; all reagents from Gibco, Poole, UK).…”

Section: Lymphocyte Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic effects of periodontal disease in cats

Cave

Bridges

Thomas

2012

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Periodontal disease in cats is a local disease that may have systemic consequences that are affected by treatment. Objective: To test the hypotheses that systemic health indices would be correlated with the severity of periodontitis, and would improve with treatment. Animals and methods: Apparently otherwise healthy cats from an in-bred colony were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n ¼ 30), or a control group (n ¼ 18), which was left untreated for 3 months. Periodontal disease was scored at baseline in the treatment group according to calculus, gingivitis, and alveolar bone loss measured from dental radiographs. Blood, urine and saliva were collected from both groups before, and 16, 45, and 90 days after dental treatment. Assays included haematology, urinalysis, serum biochemistry, serum IgG, salivary IgA, lymphocyte subsets and proliferation, and plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA). Correlations between the severity of periodontitis and assays at baseline were assessed, and the effect of treatment determined using linear mixed model methodology. Results: The severity of periodontitis was associated with age, bodyweight, total globulins (Globs), Alanine aminotransferase, and IgG, and negatively associated with albumin, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Treatment significantly reduced IgG, total Globs, AST, and eosinophils, and increased cholesterol. Other leucocyte assays and plasma MDA concentrations were not affected by the treatment. Cats ate dry food faster 1 week after, than they did 1 week before treatment. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Although the clinical significance of these findings are unknown, we conclude that periodontitis is not simply a localized disease, but also impacts on systemic health and wellbeing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Lymphocyte Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic effects of periodontal disease in cats

Cave

Bridges

Thomas

2012

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…In other species, the reported activity of isoflavones includes influencing puberty onset, reproductive cycling, reproductive tract histology, modulating immune parameters and reducing the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, as well as affecting signalling in pathways controlling behaviour. Changes have been reported in a multitude of body systems across a range of mammalian species (Whitten et al, 1993; Kurzer and Xu, 1997; Duncan et al, 2003; Simon et al, 2004; Nikander et al, 2005; Ford et al, 2006; Jefferson et al, 2006; Wilhelms et al, 2006; Cave et al, 2007a,c,d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic cats seem to be intermediate between rats and humans in their susceptibility to isoflavones, whereby, elevated thyroid hormone concentrations have been detected following intake of 3 mg/kg (or 3.95–4.70 mg/MBW; White et al, 2004), and sex steroid receptor expression was modulated by exposure to 5 mg/kgBW (6.58–7.83 mg/MBW; Bell et al, 2008). Even higher doses (100 mg/kg BW, or 131–168 mg/MBW) have modulated food intake and lean body mass, as well as acquired and innate immunity in domestic cats (Cave et al, 2007a,b,c), although this same dose failed to elicit any change in vaginal cytology (Cave et al, 2007d). In cheetahs, dietary isoflavone intake of 1.09–1.35 mg/kg BW (or 2.74–3.76 mg/MBW) was postulated to have been aetiological in the infertility and veno‐occlusive disease suffered by captive cheetahs (Setchell et al, 1987), although this requires further testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of growing and adult captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to dietary isoflavones: twenty years later

Bell

Rutherfurd

Hendriks

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Dietary isoflavones are associated with oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects, and have been linked to infertility in cheetahs. This study aimed to determine the isoflavone content of commercially prepared diets consumed by captive cheetahs. Sixteen international zoological facilities provided diets, and the isoflavone content of each diet was determined by acid hydrolysis and HPLC quantification. Proximate nutritional composition was also determined. Over half the diets analysed contained detectable concentrations of isoflavones, whereby total isoflavone content ranged from 1.75-183 mg/kg dry matter. The zoo-specific diets were calculated to deliver a median isoflavone dose of 0.07 mg/kg body weight (BW) and a maximum of 1.95 mg/kg BW to captive cheetahs. On a metabolic body weight basis this equates to a maximum of 4.90-5.43 mg/kg(0.75) . Some diets prepared for hand-rearing neonatal cheetahs could expose neonates to doses of up to 4.24 mg/kg BW (or 4.24-6.33 mg/kg(0.75) for cubs under 3 months of age). Only one of six zoo-specific diets was found to deliver isoflavones in doses shown to possess biological activity in other species. Therefore, on average, dietary isoflavones were not found in commercially prepared diets consumed by captive cheetahs in concentrations predicted to cause physiological changes. However, a small proportion of these diets, including hand-rearing formulas, contained elevated isoflavones concentrations which may influence cheetah fertility, behaviour or other physiological parameters.

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“…A method using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) oxidation and flow cytometry was employed to determine the presence of reactive oxygen intermediates during the oxidative burst in heparinized blood samples. The optimization of the test was based on the protocol previously described for feline peripheral blood [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis

de Miranda,

Santiago,

Frankenfeld

et al. 2024

JoF

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Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of Sporothrix, studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti-Sporothrix immunity has been little explored in cats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophil oxidative burst in the blood of cats with sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis included in the study were treated with itraconazole (ITZ) alone or combined with potassium iodide (KI). The neutrophil oxidative burst was evaluated through a flow-cytometry-based assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 (background) and stimulation with Zymosan and heat-killed Sporothrix yeasts. The cure rate was 50.0% in cats under treatment with ITZ monotherapy and 90.9% in cats treated with ITZ + KI (p = 0.014), endorsing the combination therapy as an excellent alternative for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Higher percentages of Sporothrix-stimulated neutrophils were associated with good general condition (p = 0.003). Higher percentages of Sporothrix- (p = 0.05) and Zymosan-activated (p = 0.014) neutrophils before and early in the treatment were related to clinical cure in ITZ-treated cats. The correlation between oxidative burst and successful use of KI could not be properly assessed given the low number of failures (n = 2) in this treatment group. Nasal mucosa involvement, typically linked to treatment failure, was related to lower percentages of activated neutrophils in the background at the treatment outcome (p = 0.02). Our results suggest a beneficial role of neutrophils in feline sporotrichosis and a positive correlation between neutrophil activation and the cure process in ITZ-treated cats.

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Modulation of innate and acquired immunity by an estrogenic dose of genistein in gonadectomized cats

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Systemic effects of periodontal disease in cats

Systemic effects of periodontal disease in cats

Exposure of growing and adult captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to dietary isoflavones: twenty years later

Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis

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