Modulation of infant formula fat profile alters the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and plasma fatty acid distribution relative to those with breast-feeding

Hayes, K. C.; Prończuk, Andrzej; Wood, Ruth; Guy, David G.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81244-2

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well documented that infants given human milk have higher plasma total cholesterol and plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations and a higher LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio than formula fed infants (Jooste et al 1991 ;Kallio et al 1992;Hayes et al 1992). These differences, which gradually diminish at the age of one year, are primarily attributable to the relatively high cholesterol content, 100-1 50 mg/l, of human milk (Clark & Hundrieser, 1989;Lammi-Keefe et al 1990), rather than to its relatively high level of saturated fatty acids (Carlson et al 1982;Hayes et al 1992). Wong et al (1993) recently observed, using the 2H,0 method, that the 6-fold greater cholesterol intake of breast fed infants resulted in a 3-fold suppression of cholesterol synthesis compared with formula fed infants.…”

Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Biervliet et al (1992) reported that addition of cholesterol to formula affected maturation of the HDL particles and postulated that exogenous cholesterol may promote adequate delivery of cholesterol and AA to the developing brain. Others hypothesize that cholesterol is present in human milk merely because it is needed for the secretion of milk fat, and are not in favour of adding cholesterol to infant formulas as an increased LDL: HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with increased atherogenic risk in adults, and as expansion of the LDL pool may result in a decrease of the LCP-rich HDL pool by down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptors (Hayes et al 1992).…”

Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Goedhart

Bindels

1994

Nutr. Res. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H O L E S T E R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Goedhart

Bindels

1994

Nutr. Res. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The majority of studies on the in¯uence of the diet of atocopherol levels in infants analyse only plasma a-tocopherol levels (Phelps & Dietz, 1981;Martõ Ânez et al, 1984;Gross & Gabriel, 1985;Ostrea et al, 1986;Hayes et al, 1992;Uauy et al, 1994;Decsi & Koletzko, 1995;Koletzko et al, 1995a), although some studies show a closer relation between erythrocyte and platelet a-tocopherol with a-tocopherol dietetic changes than for plasma values both in adults and in neonates studies (Mino, 1982;Haddad et al, 1985;Lehmann et al, 1988;Saito et al, 1992;Koletzko et al, 1995b;Rodriguez-Palmero et al, 1997a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol and plasma retinol concentrations in term infants fed formula enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To assess the effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA)-and vitamin Esupplemented formula feeding on erythrocyte and plasma a-tocopherol (VE), and plasma retinol (VA) concentrations in neonates and to compare these values with those found in infants feeding on infant formula without LCPUFA or breast milk Setting: University Hospital of Granada, Spain. Subjects: 49 full-term infants. Design and intervention: Subjects who chose not to breast feed were fed either (i) unsupplemented infant formula (F) or (ii) infant formula supplemented with LCPUFA and vitamin E (FL). a-Tocopherol and retinol were measured at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Plasma and erythrocyte VE concentrations and plasma VE/total lipids ratio increased signi®cantly in all groups at 1 month of life (P`0.05), but did not change signi®cantly between 1 month and 3 months in any group (P b 0.05). Erythrocyte VE and VA retinol concentrations were higher in infants fed an infant formula than in breast milk-fed infants at 1 month of life (P`0.05). Finally, there were no signi®cant differences in plasma or erythrocyte VE levels, plasma VA or plasma VE/total lipid ratio between any groups at 3 months of life (P b 0.05). Conclusion: Infants fed on LCPUFA-and vitamin E-supplemented infant formula for 3 months have similar vitamin E and A status to infants fed on breast milk or infant formula without LCPUFA supplementation.

show abstract

“…The positive relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and serum lipid levels in the neonatal period is well established in both animal 4-10 and infant [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] studies. The higher HDL cholesterol levels exhibited by the MCF-fed infants (Table 4), compared with HM-and CF-fed infants, might be attributable in part to differences in the form of cholesterol in HM and MCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] After weaning, however, the differences in serum cholesterol concentrations moderate, with no consistent differences seen from 1 to 16 years of age. 11,[20][21][22][23][24] In most adult studies, both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were lower among adults who had been breastfed as infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The endogenous cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is related inversely to infant dietary cholesterol at 4 months of age; however, it remains to be established whether this effect is permanent, possibly contributing to later hypercholesterolemia. Objective. To determine whether levels of dietary cholesterol in infancy induced changes in FSR and plasma lipid levels that persisted at 18 months. Methods. A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 47 infants, from their first week of life until 18 months of age, who received human milk (HM) until weaned (n = 15) or were randomized to receive modified cow's milk formula (MCF) with added cholesterol (n = 15) or cow's milk formula (CF) (n = 17) for 12 months. Cholesterol contents of HM, MCF, and CF were 120, 80, and 40 mg/L, respectively. FSR and plasma lipid levels were measured at 4 and 18 months. Results. At 4 months, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher for infants fed HM and MCF, compared with CF. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the MCF group than in the HM and CF groups. FSR in the HM group (0.034 ± 0.005 pools per day) was lower than that in the CF group (0.052 ± 0.005 pools per day). There was no difference between the HM and MCF (0.047 ± 0.005 pools per day) groups or between the MCF and CF groups. At 18 months, there were no differences in FSRs or plasma lipid profiles between the groups. Conclusion. Although cholesterol intake before weaning affects FSRs and plasma lipid profiles at 4 months, these differences do not persist after weaning to an unrestricted diet at 18 months. This provides additional evidence that there is no imprinting of FSR in infancy with differing dietary levels of cholesterol.

show abstract

Modulation of infant formula fat profile alters the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and plasma fatty acid distribution relative to those with breast-feeding

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

The Composition of Human Milk as a Model for the Design of Infant Formulas: Recent Findings and Possible Applications

Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol and plasma retinol concentrations in term infants fed formula enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About