Modulation of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Pathogenic Bacteria by In Vivo Signals

Mel, Stephanie F.; Mekalanos, John J.

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81986-8

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…25 The horizontal transfer of DNA between prokaryotes 26,27 or among prokaryotes and eukaryotes has been reported. [28][29][30][31] Furthermore, a direct horizontal transfer of sequence of kDNA from T. cruzi to the host cell has been suggested. 32,33 The horizontal transfer of DNA has shed light on features associated with species evolution, by which the position of a taxon in the phylogenesis may be explained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins.

Nascimento

Santana²,

Lozzi³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The Triatoma infestans salivary gland proteins (TSGP) can induce local and systemic hypersensitivity reactions in humans. IgG antibodies against TSGP were present in higher levels in sera of Chagas disease patients, and in individuals living in triatomine-infested areas than in controls living in triatomine-free areas. TSGP-specific IgG 1 was found in sera of Chagas patients, and of individuals living in triatomine-infested rural areas, and uniquely specific IgG 4 was present in sera of Chagas patients living in triatomine-infested areas, reactive against TSGP. Unique specificities were not detected in sera of individuals reacting against the ubiquitous mosquito Culex quinquifasciatus saliva proteins (CSGP). In conclusion, IgG 1 reactive against TSGP is the main antibody present in individuals living in the triatomine-infested study areas. Also, IgG 4 is found in the sera of insect-transmitted Chagas disease patients living in study areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins.

Nascimento

Santana²,

Lozzi³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Mechanisms favoring hypermutation may also facilitate recombination (253). Moreover, in vivo transfer of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes and/or virulence determinants and recombination are probably favored during infection due to host signals that enhance gene transfer (260).…”

Section: Evolution and Dissemination Of Genes Involved In Virulence Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among Strategies Associated with Bacterial Infection: Pathogenicity, Epidemicity, and Antibiotic Resistance

2002

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SUMMARY Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should disappear. However, bacteria have been able to evolve to become antibiotic resistant. Nowadays, a proficient pathogen must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. Analysis of the interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases. In this regard, we have reviewed the genetic linkage of antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence in the same genetic determinants as well as the cross talk between antibiotic resistance and virulence regulatory circuits with the aim of understanding the effect of acquisition of resistance on bacterial virulence. We also discuss the possibility that antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence might prevail as linked phenotypes in the future. The novel situation brought about by the worldwide use of antibiotics is undoubtedly changing bacterial populations. These changes might alter the properties of not only bacterial pathogens, but also the normal host microbiota. The evolutionary consequences of the release of antibiotics into the environment are largely unknown, but most probably restoration of the microbiota from the preantibiotic era is beyond our current abilities.

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“…Since TCP serves as the receptor for CTX⌽ (Waldor and Mekalanos, 1996), one model for the evolution of the virulent organism invokes a horizontal gene transfer mechanism, whereby introduction of the TCP-ACF element into the genome provides the receptor for the phage (see Mel and Mekalanos, 1996). The ability of ToxR to activate the expression of the genes on these elements may then have been achieved by acquiring control of their regulator, ToxT (Champion et al, 1997 between the genes and regulatory proteins encoded within the ancestral chromosome and those on the acquired virulence elements.…”

Section: Components Of the Toxr Virulence Regulonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the ToxR virulence regulon in Vibrio cholerae by environmental stimuli

Skorupski

Taylor

1997

Molecular Microbiology

224

187

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SummaryMany bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence genes in a co-ordinate manner in response to changes in the environment. For example, the human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, possesses a virulence regulon composed of over 20 genes involved in colonization, toxin production and bacterial survival within the host, which are co-ordinately regulated by external stimuli, such as temperature, pH and osmolarity. Although the expression of the regulon is dependent upon the transcriptional activator ToxR, most of these genes are controlled by a second transcriptional activator, ToxT, which is itself positively regulated by ToxR. The mechanisms by which environmental stimuli influence the ToxR regulon are not yet understood, but ToxR-mediated control over the expression of toxT clearly plays a role. The recent finding that the global regulator cAMP-CRP also influences the expression of the ToxR regulon under various environmental conditions raises new issues regarding the pathways and mechanisms by which this regulation is achieved and indicates that multiple overlapping systems are involved.

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Modulation of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Pathogenic Bacteria by In Vivo Signals

Abstract: Here we briefly review two examples in diverse pathogen-host systems, one well-studied and one newly-dis-

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins.

Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins.

Interactions among Strategies Associated with Bacterial Infection: Pathogenicity, Epidemicity, and Antibiotic Resistance

Control of the ToxR virulence regulon in Vibrio cholerae by environmental stimuli

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