Modulation of glutathione and its related enzymes in plants’ responses to toxic metals and metalloids—A review

Control of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) tolerance to chilling stress—evaluating the role of ascorbic acid and glutathione

“…Oxidative stress, a physiological condition, where occurs an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; such as singlet oxygen, 1 O 2 • − ; superoxide anion, O 2 • − ; hydroxyl radical, HO • ; hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 ) and their and metabolism via enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, may also occur in chilling-sensitive plants (Lukatkin, 2002a,b;Xiong et al, 2002;Gill and Tuteja, 2010;Anjum et al, 2012). Non-metabolized ROS may cause considerable damages to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) and other cellular components, and also increase electrolyte leakage (Lukatkin, 2003;Suzuki and Mittler, 2006;Anjum et al, 2010Anjum et al, , 2012Anjum et al, , 2014aGill and Tuteja, 2010;Popov et al, 2010).…”

Interactive effects of nitric oxide and glutathione in mitigating copper toxicity of rice (Oryza sativaL.) seedlings

“…9 It is well established that not only GSH concentration, but also the GSH/GSSG ratio, is important in maintaining cell redox status. 8 Any imbalance in the cellular GSH level, both deficiency and excess, may adversely influence cellular metabolism. 7 In addition, the GSH/GSSG redox system may have a regulatory role in modulating signaling cascades during the post-transcriptional and post-translational level due to their interaction with other redox systems such as glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin and mitogen activated protein kinases.…”

“…7 In addition, the GSH/GSSG redox system may have a regulatory role in modulating signaling cascades during the post-transcriptional and post-translational level due to their interaction with other redox systems such as glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin and mitogen activated protein kinases. 8 The cellular level of GSH and the GSH/GSSG redox status are differentially regulated in response to a variety of metal stresses. 8,10 Many reports state that cellular GSH content increased or decreased or remained constant after metal exposure and is related to the difference in species/genotypes or the experimental conditions.…”

“…8 The cellular level of GSH and the GSH/GSSG redox status are differentially regulated in response to a variety of metal stresses. 8,10 Many reports state that cellular GSH content increased or decreased or remained constant after metal exposure and is related to the difference in species/genotypes or the experimental conditions. [11][12][13][14][15] In our study, reduced and oxidized GSH increased markedly in Cu-stressed seedlings while the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased.…”

“…7,8 GSH is also involved in sulfur metabolism, xenobiotics detoxification, heavy metal chelation, ROS and methylglyoxal (MG) elimination, and in the regulation of the redox balance. 7,8 It is also strongly involved in fine-tuning of redox signaling during environmental stresses and is therefore regarded as a stress marker in plant ecophysiological studies. 9 It is well established that not only GSH concentration, but also the GSH/GSSG ratio, is important in maintaining cell redox status.…”