“…Through work on frog skin, planarians, and crustacean and fish gills, a number of cellular mechanisms and transporters for ammonia excretion in freshwater animals have been discovered. In addition to the RhGPs and the Mep/Amts, these include members of the solute carrier family 9 (SLC9, NHEs) (Orlowski and Grinstein, 2004;Zachos et al, 2005); the Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) (Masui et al, 2002;Furriel et al, 2004;Weihrauch et al, 2012b;Ip et al, 2012); and the V-type H + -ATPase (VA) (Wilson et al, 1994;Shih et al, 2008;Braun et al, 2009;Weihrauch et al, 2009;Wright and Wood, 2009).…”