Modulation of Fungal Metabolome by Biotic Stress

Biosynthesis, evolution and ecology of microbial terpenoids

“…Carotenoids can also provide similar functions as hopanoids and sterols, modulating membrane fluidity and proton permeability. 65,66 The pathways towards the biosynthesis of 1 (triterpenoids) and 2 (carotenoids) are evolutionarily related as isoprenoid-condensing enzymes belonging to the head-to-head connecting trans -isoprenyl diphosphate synthases family are present in the production of 1 as well as in the carotenoid precursor biosynthesis. Squalene ( 1 ) can be synthesised using two pathways (HpnCDE enzymes and the squalene synthase, Sqs).…”

A Metabolomic Study of Epichloë Endophytes for Screening Antifungal Metabolites

“…Metabolites present in vitro and absent in planta may be present in endophyte-perennial ryegrass symbiota at trace levels, below the threshold set for detection in this study. It is also plausible that those metabolites present only in vitro were not identified in symbiota because they are stress-induced [89]. It is possible that the abundance of these in vitro-only metabolites (and endophyte-derived metabolites in symbiota) may change in response to challenge by disease-causing pathogens [89,90].…”

“…It is also plausible that those metabolites present only in vitro were not identified in symbiota because they are stress-induced [89]. It is possible that the abundance of these in vitro-only metabolites (and endophyte-derived metabolites in symbiota) may change in response to challenge by disease-causing pathogens [89,90]. The environment in which endophyte mycelia is grown in culture, out of its natural environment, and grown in culture for extended periods can activate metabolic pathways and stimulate the production of bioactive compounds; thus, it is likely that some metabolites produced in vitro may not be produced by plants growing in optimal environmental conditions [73][74][75][76].…”