Modulation of Food Reward by Endocrine and Environmental Factors

Figlewicz, Dianne P.

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000146

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Underlying reasons for the sex-specific RS effect on zFMI and zLMI are not completely clear since these were not investigated and sex differences in food reward and eating behavior still represent a developing line of research (Figlewicz, 2015). Literature suggests that biological factors may play a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children

et al. 2017

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Abstract'Reward sensitivity' explains inter-individual differences in the motivation to obtain rewards when reward cues are perceived. This psychobiological trait has been linked to higher consumption of palatable food when exposed to palatable food cues. The current study aims to examine if reward sensitivity explains differences in patterns of fat and lean tissue accretion over time in children. A longitudinal observational study with measurement waves in 2011 (baseline), 2012, 2013, and 2015 was conducted. The sample was a population-based Flemish cohort of children (n=446, 50% boys and 5.5 to 12 years at baseline; 38.8% of the baseline sample also participated in 2015). Baseline reward sensitivity of the children was assessed by parent ratings on the Drive subscale of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System scales. Age-and sex-independent Fat and Lean Mass Index z-scores (zFMI and zLMI respectively) were computed for each study wave based on air-displacement plethysmography. In girls, but not boys, reward sensitivity was positively associated with the baseline zFMI and zLMI (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and 0.01 to 0.10 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Further, reward sensitivity explained 14.8% and 11.6% of the change in girls' zFMI and zLMI respectively over four years: the zFMI and zLMI increased and decreased respectively in high reward sensitive girls (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and -0.12 to -0.01 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Hence, girls high in reward sensitivity had significantly higher adiposity gain over four years parallel with lower increase in lean mass than was expected on the basis of their age and height. These results may help to identify appropriate targets for interventions for obesity prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children

et al. 2017

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“…That the DA system is modulated by circulating energy signals has been clearly demonstrated over the last two decades (Figlewicz and Sipols, 2010 ; Vucetic and Reyes, 2010 ; de Araujo et al, 2011 , 2012 ; Figlewicz, 2015 ), including insulin (Liu and Borgland, 2015 ), leptin (Fernandes et al, 2013 ), ghrelin (Perello and Dickson, 2015 ; Wei et al, 2015 ) and others (for example, GLP-1, Alhadeff et al, 2012 ; Dickson et al, 2012 ; Egecioglu et al, 2013 ). Most of this work has been developed within the framework of DA mediating appetitive drive rather than energy expenditure, suggesting that increases in energy signals diminish DA, effectively signaling satiety and reducing DA mediated appetitive drive.…”

Section: Regulation Of Dopamine By Circulating Energy Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Do or Not to Do: Dopamine, Affordability and the Economics of Opportunity

Beeler

Mourra

2018

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Five years ago, we introduced the thrift hypothesis of dopamine (DA), suggesting that the primary role of DA in adaptive behavior is regulating behavioral energy expenditure to match the prevailing economic conditions of the environment. Here we elaborate that hypothesis with several new ideas. First, we introduce the concept of affordability, suggesting that costs must necessarily be evaluated with respect to the availability of resources to the organism, which computes a value not only for the potential reward opportunity, but also the value of resources expended. Placing both costs and benefits within the context of the larger economy in which the animal is functioning requires consideration of the different timescales against which to compute resource availability, or average reward rate. Appropriate windows of computation for tracking resources requires corresponding neural substrates that operate on these different timescales. In discussing temporal patterns of DA signaling, we focus on a neglected form of DA plasticity and adaptation, changes in the physical substrate of the DA system itself, such as up- and down-regulation of receptors or release probability. We argue that changes in the DA substrate itself fundamentally alter its computational function, which we propose mediates adaptations to longer temporal horizons and economic conditions. In developing our hypothesis, we focus on DA D2 receptors (D2R), arguing that D2R implements a form of “cost control” in response to the environmental economy, serving as the “brain’s comptroller”. We propose that the balance between the direct and indirect pathway, regulated by relative expression of D1 and D2 DA receptors, implements affordability. Finally, as we review data, we discuss limitations in current approaches that impede fully investigating the proposed hypothesis and highlight alternative, more semi-naturalistic strategies more conducive to neuroeconomic investigations on the role of DA in adaptive behavior.

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“…Insulin, cortisol, and glucose levels are expected to decrease after fasting (Kirschbaum et al, 1997; Adam and Epel, 2007; Figlewicz, 2015; Tiedemann et al, 2017). However, peripheral concentrations of cortisol rise after stimulation with food images due to appetite enhancement, while insulin and glucose levels seem to be unaffected (Schmid et al, 2005; Schüssler et al, 2012; Kroemer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Hedonic Valuation of Rewards and Unaffected Cognitive Regulation in Chronic Stress

et al. 2019

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Cognition can influence choices by modulation of decision-making processes. This cognitive regulation is defined as processing information, applying knowledge, and changing preferences to consciously modulate decisions. While cognitive regulation of emotions has been extensively studied in psychiatry, few works have detailed cognitive regulation of decision-making. Stress may influence emotional behavior, cognition, and decision-making. In addition, the brain regions responsible for decision-making are sensitive to stress-induced changes. Thus, we hypothesize that chronic stress may disrupt the ability to regulate choices. Herein, we used a functional magnetic resonance imaging task where fourteen control and fifteen chronically stressed students had to cognitively upregulate or downregulate their craving before placing a bid to obtain food. We found that stressed participants placed lower bids to get the reward and chose less frequently higher bid values for food. Nevertheless, we did not find neural and behavioral differences during cognitive regulation of craving. Our outcomes revealed that chronic stress impacts decision-making after cognitive regulation of craving by reducing the valuation of food rewards but not cognitive modulation itself. Importantly, our results need further validation with larger sample sizes.

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Modulation of Food Reward by Endocrine and Environmental Factors

Cited by 20 publications

References 99 publications

Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children

Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children

To Do or Not to Do: Dopamine, Affordability and the Economics of Opportunity

Reduced Hedonic Valuation of Rewards and Unaffected Cognitive Regulation in Chronic Stress

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