Modulation of Flavivirus Population Diversity by RNA Interference

Brackney, Doug E.; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Harrison, Thomas; Ebel, Gregory D.; Hanley, Kathryn A.

doi:10.1128/jvi.02612-14

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Following stochastic reductions in genetic diversity, we observed rapid recovery in virus population size and diversity during expansions in the next tissue/compartment that was likely promoted by RNAi (Brackney et al, 2009; Brackney et al, 2015). However, our data does not support that differences in RNAi targeting were responsible for the differences in intra-tissue divergence detected among species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several studies have assessed how different host types impact WNV population structure, and have shown that WNV populations are more diverse in mosquitoes compared to birds (Grubaugh et al, 2015; Jerzak et al, 2005; Jerzak et al, 2007). In mosquitoes, purifying selection is weak and virus diversification is driven by the action of RNA interference (RNAi), which creates an intracellular milieu that favors rare genotypes (Brackney et al, 2009; Brackney et al, 2015). In contrast, purifying selection in birds is strong (Jerzak et al, 2008) and the innate antiviral responses are dominated by type I interferon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching

Grubaugh

Weger-Lucarelli

Murrieta

et al. 2016

Cell Host & Microbe

130

162

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The emergence of mosquito-borne RNA viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), is facilitated by genetically complex virus populations within hosts. Here, we determine whether WNV enzootic (Culex tarsalis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. pipiens) and bridge vectors (Aedes aegypti) have differential impacts on viral mutational diversity and fitness. During systemic mosquito infection, WNV faced stochastic reductions in genetic diversity that rapidly was recovered during intra-tissue population expansions. Interestingly, this intrahost selection and diversification was mosquito-species dependent with Cx. tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus exhibiting greater WNV divergence. However, recovered viral populations contained a preponderance of potentially deleterious mutations (i.e. high mutational load) and had lower relative fitness in avian cells compared to input virus. These findings demonstrate that the adaptive potential associated with mosquito transmission varies depending on the mosquito species and carries a significant fitness cost in vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching

Grubaugh

Weger-Lucarelli

Murrieta

et al. 2016

Cell Host & Microbe

130

162

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“…Evidence suggests that viral genome diversity is critical for the adaptation of flaviviruses and other arboviruses to new and changing environments and hosts [58]. Brackney and colleagues (2015) then determined that the siRNA pathway imposes diversifying selection on WNV genomes in infected Dm S2 cells [59]. S2 cells were used since Ago2 and Dicer2 depletion with cognate dsRNAs is well-established.…”

Section: Viral Counterdefenses To the Sirna Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They then determined WNV quasispecies diversity in an amplicon spanning the 5′ untranslated region (UTR)-capsid-premembrane genes of WNV RNA from populations produced after a single round of infection or after five passages in Dm S2 cells. WNV diversity was significantly lower in the targeted sequence of WNV in RNAi-depleted cells but significantly greater in RNAi-stimulated cells relative to that of the intact controls [59]. They hypothesized that targeting viral genomes with siRNAs can lead to the rapid emergence of escape mutants containing mutations within intensely-targeted sequences leading to increased genome diversification of the virus.…”

Section: Viral Counterdefenses To the Sirna Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbovirus–mosquito interactions: RNAi pathway

Olson

Blair

2015

Current Opinion in Virology

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Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses infect hematophagous arthropods (vectors) to maintain virus transmission between vertebrate hosts. The mosquito vector actively controls arbovirus infection to minimize its fitness costs. The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is the major antiviral response vectors use to restrict arbovirus infections. We know this because depleting RNAi gene products profoundly impacts arbovirus replication, the antiviral RNAi pathway genes undergo positive, diversifying selection and arboviruses have evolved strategies to evade the vector's RNAi responses. The vector's RNAi defense and arbovirus countermeasures lead to an arms race that prevents potential virus-induced fitness costs yet maintains arbovirus infections needed for transmission. This review will discuss the latest findings in RNAi-arbovirus interactions in the model insect (Drosophila melanogaster) and in specific mosquito vectors.

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“…It has even been possible to select for strains of P. gallinaceum, a parasite normally transmitted by Culex spp., that can be transmitted by an anopheline mosquito (36). Selection of arboviruses by the mosquito innate immune defense has also been demonstrated (9).…”

Section: Evidence Of Plasmodium Adaptation To Mosquito Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Vectors and the Globalization of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

et al. 2016

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Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a devastating public health problem. Recent discoveries have shed light on the origin and evolution of Plasmodium parasites and their interactions with their vertebrate and mosquito hosts. P. falciparum malaria originated in Africa from a single horizontal transfer between an infected gorilla and a human, and became global as the result of human migration. Today, P. falciparum malaria is transmitted worldwide by more than 70 different anopheline mosquito species. Recent studies indicate that the mosquito immune system can be a barrier to malaria transmission and that the P. falciparum Pfs47 gene allows the parasite to evade mosquito immune detection. Here, we review the origin and globalization of P. falciparum and integrate this history with analysis of the biology, evolution, and dispersal of the main mosquito vectors. This new perspective broadens our understanding of P. falciparum population structure and the dispersal of important parasite genetic traits. 20.1

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Modulation of Flavivirus Population Diversity by RNA Interference

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching

Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching

Arbovirus–mosquito interactions: RNAi pathway

Mosquito Vectors and the Globalization of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

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