Modulation of Fecal Clostridiales Bacteria and Butyrate by Probiotic Intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei DG Varies among Healthy Adults

Ferrario, Chiara; Taverniti, Valentina; Milani, Christian; Fiore, Walter; Laureati, Monica; Noni, Ivano De; Stuknytė, Milda; Chouaia, Bessem; Riso, Patrizia; Guglielmetti, Simone

doi:10.3945/jn.114.197723

Cited by 181 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A similar effect on fecal butyrate levels was also observed during an intervention study with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei DG (6). In light of literature suggesting that excessive intestinal butyrate may be detrimental in certain physiological conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or metabolic syndrome (68-71), although considered improbable by some researchers (72), we recently postulated the potential existence of an optimal butyrate concentration range in the human intestine (6,73). In this context, the hypothesis can be made that probiotics might be used to decrease high butyrate concentrations or increase low butyrate concentrations to maintain butyrate homeostasis in healthy people, potentially preventing disorders associated with altered butyrate levels (73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Group H was characterized by higher concentrations of several SCFAs, including butyrate, than those in group L. Notably, we observed that the probiotic treatment induced a significant change in butyrate levels, which decreased in group H and increased in L. Notably, this modification was not observed with placebo treatment. A similar effect on fecal butyrate levels was also observed during an intervention study with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei DG (6). In light of literature suggesting that excessive intestinal butyrate may be detrimental in certain physiological conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or metabolic syndrome (68-71), although considered improbable by some researchers (72), we recently postulated the potential existence of an optimal butyrate concentration range in the human intestine (6,73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Gargari

Taverniti

Balzaretti

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Modulation of the intestinal microbial ecosystem (IME) is a useful target to establish probiotic efficacy in a healthy population. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled intervention study to determine the impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Bb on the IME of adult healthy volunteers of both sexes. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiota before and after 4 weeks of daily probiotic cell consumption. The intake of approximately one billion live B. bifidum cells affected the relative abundance of dominant taxa in the fecal microbiota and modulated fecal butyrate levels. Specifically, Prevotellaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.041) and Prevotella (P ‫؍‬ 0.034) were significantly decreased, whereas Ruminococcaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.039) and Rikenellaceae (P ‫؍‬ 0.010) were significantly increased. We also observed that the probiotic intervention modulated the fecal concentrations of butyrate in a manner dependent on the initial levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a single daily administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Bb can significantly modify the IME in healthy (not diseased) adults. These findings demonstrate the need to reassess the notion that probiotics do not influence the complex and stable IME of a healthy individual. IMPORTANCEFoods and supplements claimed to contain health-promoting probiotic microorganisms are everywhere these days and mainly intended for consumption by healthy people. However, it is still debated what actual effects probiotic products may have on the healthy population. In this study, we report the results of an intervention trial aimed at assessing the modifications induced in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of healthy adults from the consumption of a probiotic product. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of a probiotic product in the dietary habits of healthy people may significantly modify dominant taxa of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in the modulation of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the gut. The overall changes witnessed in the probiotic intervention indicate a mechanism of microbiota modulation that could have potential effects on human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Gargari

Taverniti

Balzaretti

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In order to investigate the ability of probiotic strains to use blastose as the sole carbon source and thus its suitability for a potential application in symbiotic-prebiotic mixtures, an in vitro fermentation study was carried out on 5 well characterized probiotic Lactobacillus strains, easier to cultivate than Bifidobacteria: L. paracasei DG (Ferrario et al, 2014), L. rhamnosus GG (Segers & Lebeer, 2014); L. paracasei SHIROTA (Aoki et al, 2014); L. johnsonii LC1 (Isobe et al, 2012); L. reuteri ATCC55730 (Di Nardo et al, 2014;Valeur, Engel, Carbajal, Connolly, & Ladefoged, 2004). In detail, Lactobacillus strains were grown in presence of glucose (considered as positive control) and two well known prebiotic substrates, i.e., inulin and FOS Actilight Ò .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient continuous flow process for the synthesis of a non-conventional mixture of fructooligosaccharides

et al. 2016

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“…A range of health-promoting properties have been assigned to L. paracasei DG, including the improvement of ulcerative colitis (1), a reduction in the side effects associated with therapies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (2), and treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (3). It has also been shown that L. paracasei DG is able to modulate the levels of fecal Clostridiales bacteria and butyrate in healthy adults (4). Despite the significant clinical evidence for the health benefits associated with the consumption of L. paracasei DG, the molecular mechanisms underlying these health effects are still unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells

Balzaretti

Taverniti

Guglielmetti

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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117

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Lactobacillus paracasei DG is a bacterial strain with recognized probiotic properties and is used in commercial probiotic products. However, the mechanisms underlying its probiotic properties are mainly unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ability of strain DG to interact with the host is at least partly associated with its ability to synthesize a surface-associated exopolysaccharide (EPS). Comparative genomics revealed the presence of putative EPS gene clusters in the DG genome; accordingly, EPS was isolated from the surface of the bacterium. A sample of the pure EPS from strain DG (DG-EPS), upon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical analyses, was shown to be a novel branched hetero-EPS with a repeat unit composed of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in a ratio of 4:1:1. Subsequently, we demonstrated that DG-EPS displays immunostimulating properties by enhancing the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and particularly that of the chemokines IL-8 and CCL20, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. In contrast, the expression of the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2 was not affected. In conclusion, DG-EPS is a bacterial macromolecule with the ability to boost the immune system either as a secreted molecule released from the bacterium or as a capsular envelope on the bacterial cell wall. This study provides additional information about the mechanisms supporting the cross talk between L. paracasei DG and the host. IMPORTANCEThe consumption of food products and supplements called probiotics (i.e., containing live microbial cells) to potentially prevent or treat specific diseases is constantly gaining popularity. The lack of knowledge on the precise mechanisms supporting their potential health-promoting properties, however, greatly limits a more appropriate use of each single probiotic strain. In this context, we studied a well-known probiotic, Lactobacillus paracasei DG, in order to identify the constitutive molecules that can explain the documented health-promoting properties of this bacterium. We found a novel polysaccharide molecule, named DG-EPS, that is secreted by and covers the bacterium. We demonstrated that this molecule, which has a chemical structure never identified before, has immunostimulatory properties and therefore may contribute to the ability of the probiotic L. paracasei DG to interact with the immune system. KEYWORDS

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Modulation of Fecal Clostridiales Bacteria and Butyrate by Probiotic Intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei DG Varies among Healthy Adults

Cited by 181 publications

References 46 publications

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

Consumption of a Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain for 4 Weeks Modulates Dominant Intestinal Bacterial Taxa and Fecal Butyrate in Healthy Adults

An efficient continuous flow process for the synthesis of a non-conventional mixture of fructooligosaccharides

A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells

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